Doctoral Dissertation Research: Why Has the Meritocratic Power of Advanced Degrees Declined?: The Role of Higher Education in Promoting Upward Mobility

博士论文研究：为什么高级学位的精英权力下降？：高等教育在促进向上流动中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1801820
负责人：
ChangHwan Kim
金额：
$ 1.2万
依托单位：
University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1801820&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Doctoral Dissertation Research Why Meritocratic

项目摘要

Why has graduate education not facilitated greater social mobility while undergraduate education has? College is often thought to be the great equalizer because it promotes upward mobility. But the expansion of higher education may not ensure equal opportunity for everyone, especially when a growing number of people are acquiring an advanced degree. This project will study why the influence of family background becomes stronger among advanced degree holders while it is still weak among those with a BA/BS degree only. This study evaluates three explanations by studying the income levels of those with at least a BA/BS degree. These people may: 1) attain a highly-lucrative advanced degree such as an MBA or professional degree (vertical selection); 2) major in a non-vocational field of study at the undergraduate level and a profitable one at the graduate level, including health, law, and business (horizontal selection); or 3) complete education at an earlier age and have more years of work experience (cumulative advantage). The project will provide implications for families and educators concerned with the relative tradeoffs for investment in various types of higher education. The project will also provide implications for states and U.S. society generally in creating policies aimed at promoting useful educational investment. This project will analyze income returns to education for adults who achieve various levels of higher education. The project will analyze over 150,000 respondents aged 35-54 from the 2003, 2010, 2013 and 2015 National Survey of College Graduates data and the IPUMS 5% Census data with at least a bachelor?s degree and having a positive income. The project will use log-multiplicative layer effect and multivariate regression models to examine the extent to which vertical selection, horizontal selection, and cumulative advantage explain income level differences. The project will also study gender differences in these processes as well as how these effects have changed over time. The project will inform sociological theories concerned with social mobility and the role of social selection into various types of higher education in the United States.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为什么研究生教育在本科教育的同时没有促进更大的社会流动性？大学通常被认为是巨大的均衡器，因为它促进了向上的流动能力。但是，高等教育的扩大可能无法确保每个人的平等机会，尤其是当越来越多的人获得高级学位时。该项目将研究为什么家庭背景的影响在高级学位持有人中变得更强大，而仅在BA/BS学位的人中仍然很弱。这项研究通过研究至少具有BA/BS学位的收入水平来评估三个解释。这些人可能：1）获得高核高级学位，例如MBA或专业学位（垂直选择）； 2）专业在本科生的非职业研究领域，以及在研究生层面上有利可图的研究，包括健康，法律和商业（水平选择）；或3）在更早的年龄完成教育，并具有更多的工作经验（累积优势）。该项目将为与各种高等教育的投资相对权衡的家庭和教育者提供影响。该项目还将为各州和美国社会提供一般的影响，以制定旨在促进有用的教育投资的政策。该项目将分析获得各种高等教育的成年人的收入收入。该项目将分析2003年，2010年，2013年和2015年全国大学毕业生数据调查和IPUMS的150,000多名受访者，至少具有至少具有学士学位的人口普查数据，并获得了积极的收入。该项目将使用对数式层面层效应和多元回归模型来检查垂直选择，水平选择和累积优势的程度。该项目还将研究这些过程中的性别差异，以及这些效果如何随着时间而变化。该项目将为与社会流动性有关的社会学理论提供信息，以及社会选择在美国各种类型的高等教育中的作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来获得支持。