Doctoral Dissertation Research: Civic Infrastructures as Determinants of Urban Resilience

博士论文研究：市政基础设施作为城市韧性的决定因素

• 批准号: 1801677
• 负责人: Walter Powell
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-15 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1801677&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Civic; Infrastructures

Environmental resilience has been a growing challenge for city administrations around the world. Environmental disasters alone are likely to cost cities billions of dollars and have the potential to plummet an estimated 77 million city dwellers into poverty. Cities are first responders and political actors who can effectively mitigate and adapt to environmental and economic changes. Civic infrastructures, or networks of private, pro-social organizations that include the nonprofit sector and socially responsible corporations, can enable local action. This project asks why city action, or communities' ability to act, differs between locales. Project findings can help policy-makers to identify the ways in which targeted public investments and policies can improve the resilience of communities to natural disasters and other unexpected crises. The project integrates urban sociology and organizational sociology to study city variation in urban resilience. The research design is large-scale and comparative. The first part of the study examines how the relationships between cities through membership in professional associations shape urban resilience strategies. The second part of the study focuses on all cities above 50,000 inhabitants in the United States to study the association between the density and multiplicity of civic infrastructures and city action. Data analytic techniques include econometric fixed effects-models with computational measures based on affiliation networks and structural topic modeling. Semi-structured interviews with urban resilience practitioners worldwide allow for cross-validation of the hypotheses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

环境弹性一直是全球城市政府的日益严重的挑战。仅环境灾难就可能使城市造成数十亿美元的损失，并有可能陷入贫困的7700万城市居民。城市是急救人员和政治行为者，他们可以有效地减轻和适应环境和经济变化。包括非营利部门和对社会负责的公司在内的私人，亲社会组织的公民基础设施或网络可以实现当地行动。该项目询问为什么城市行动或社区的行动能力在地区之间有所不同。 项目发现可以帮助决策者确定针对性的公共投资和政策可以改善社区对自然灾害和其他意外危机的韧性。该项目将城市社会学和组织社会学整合到研究城市弹性方面的城市变化。研究设计是大规模和比较的。该研究的第一部分研究了城市之间通过专业协会成员之间的关系塑造城市弹性策略的关系。该研究的第二部分集中于美国以上50,000多个城市，以研究公民基础设施和城市行动的密度和多样性之间的关联。 数据分析技术包括基于分支机构网络和结构主题建模的计算措施的计量经济学固定效应模型。全世界对城市弹性从业者的半结构化访谈允许对假设进行交叉验证。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响评估标准的评估来通过评估来支持的。