Doctoral Dissertation Research: International Constraints and Informal Trade Networks

博士论文研究：国际约束和非正式贸易网络

• 批准号: 1756650
• 负责人: Thomas Wilson
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756650&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; International; Constraints

The term informal (or grey) economy refers to businesses, economic activities, and workers that are not government regulated and are not captured in measures of national GDP or GNP. Even so, the informal economy is known to comprise a significant part of world economic activity: the International Labor Organization estimates that globally, it employs over half of the world's labor force. The research supported by this award takes a multidimensional approach to the question of how informality plays out in an increasingly globalized economic environment. The focus is on the nexus of three inter-related dynamics: vernacular economic practices, state surveillance, and the effects of global forces. The research is important because informal economic activities are increasingly felt beyond the local level and can produce significant unintended effects on the outcomes of international economic regulatory policies and practices.The research will be conducted by State University of New York, Binghamton, anthropology doctoral student, Ehsan Lor Afshar, with the oversight of Dr. Thomas M. Wilson. The researcher will engage in research in a region divided by the international borders that have been central to major informal cross-border trade networks. Examining how these networks interact with global regulation, such as the international framework for Anti Money Laundering and Counter Financing Terrorism and regional economic sanctions, will provide a revealing case study of the potentials for such programs and policies to be efficacious, reconfigured, or transformed at the local level. The researcher will collect data through a mix of anthropological methods: (1) participant observation in a major wholesale market's everyday life, with a focus on three divergent types of merchandise (foodstuffs, cloth goods, and electronics); (2) surveys of a merchant sample; (3) semi-structured interviews with merchant association leaders, other NGOs, government officials, and a sub-sample of merchants; (4) focus groups of merchants and community leaders; and (5) archival research. The research will advance social scientific understanding of how global financial regulations and sanctions interact with local unregulated or semi-regulated economic practices. Research findings will be helpful for state officials and global organizations by clarifying the picture of the effects of transnational policies on the ground.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

“非正式（或灰色）经济”一词是指未经政府监管且未在国家GDP或GNP的措施中捕获的企业，经济活动和工人。即便如此，众所周知，非正式经济构成了世界经济活动的重要组成部分：国际劳工组织估计，在全球范围内，它雇用了世界上一半以上的劳动力。该奖项支持的研究采取了多维方法，即非全球化的经济环境中非正式性如何发挥作用。重点是三个相互关联动态的联系：白话经济实践，州监视和全球力量的影响。 这项研究很重要，因为非正式的经济活动越来越多地超越地方层面，并且可以对国际经济监管政策和实践的结果产生重大的意外影响。这项研究将由纽约州立大学，宾厄姆顿，人类学博士学位学生Ehsan Lor Afshar进行，并由Thomas M. Wilson博士监督。研究人员将在一个由主要非正式跨境贸易网络核心的国际边界分开的地区进行研究。检查这些网络如何与全球法规互动，例如针对反洗钱和反融资恐怖主义和区域经济制裁的国际框架，将为这些计划和政策有效，重新配置或在地方一级转变的潜力提供揭示的案例研究。 研究人员将通过人类学方法的混合来收集数据：（1）参与者在一个主要的批发市场的日常生活中的参与者观察，重点是三种不同类型的商品（食品，布料和电子产品）； （2）对商人样本的调查； （3）与商人协会领导人，其他非政府组织，政府官员和商人子样本的半结构化访谈； （4）焦点的商人和社区领导人； （5）档案研究。这项研究将提高社会科学对全球金融法规和制裁如何与当地不受监管或半监管的经济实践相互作用的理解。研究结果将对州官员和全球组织有所帮助，通过阐明跨国政策对地面的影响的情况。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响来审查标准的评估值得支持的。