Collaborative Research: Ecosystem Response to a Warming Arctic: Deciphering the Past to Inform The Future.

合作研究：生态系统对北极变暖的反应：破译过去以告知未来。

• 批准号: 1737712
• 负责人: Gifford Miller
• 金额: $ 127.98万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecosystem; Response; Warming

The Arctic is currently warming twice as fast as the global average and this is expected to result in a northward shift in plant ranges. An increase in woody vegetation would reduce surface reflection of light and heat (albedo), and increase atmospheric water vapor, a positive feedback that is currently poorly included in climate models. In the Eastern Canadian Arctic (ECA) stratified sediment in lakes spanning the current interglacial and the warmer previous interglacial, preserve sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and organic molecules that can be used for reconstruction of past ecosystems and their dependence on temperature and hydroclimate. By combining data from these sediments with modern vegetation studies and climate monitoring, an empirically based ecosystem-climate model will be developed to predict the likely evolution of Arctic ecosystems by 2100 under a range of climate trajectory scenarios. This will be the first integration of sedaDNA-based vegetation records with biomarker-based climate records in lake sediment containing records of a much warmer Arctic. There are few ecosystem studies for the thin soils on crystalline terrain of the ECA. Floristic studies and vegetation-environment analyses around targeted lakes across a strong climate gradient establish the current relation between plant assemblages and summer temperature and define the relation between sedaDNA and nearby plant communities. Temperature loggers in soils, air, and lake- water, and analyzes of DNA and biomarkers in modern soils and lake surface sediment will enhance understanding of promising new molecular proxies and facilitate the development of regional training sets. The project brings together experts and state-of- the-art facilities in Arctic plant ecology, Paleoclimate, sedaDNA, and Organic Geochemistry to derive transformative new insight into the complex interplay between climate and biogeography at high latitudes, and will lead to a robust perspective on the potential response of ecosystems to anticipated future warming across the ECA. The project team is committed to sharing research results with the broader public through outreach among local communities in the Canadian Arctic as well as at home. The team will work closely with Inuit guides and assistants during fieldwork, much of which is near traditional hunting and fishing lands, and will share results with nearby Inuit communities through displays at Parks Canada offices. A strong partnership with Nunavut Research Institute and its affiliated Arctic College has been developed over several decades, and this partnership will be expanded by establishing an interactive lake-monitoring program in collaboration with the Environment Technology Program students and staff of Arctic College. In Boulder, Colorado, a scholarship-supported summer field and lab course for underrepresented high school students will be developed based on paleoecological and paleoclimatic perspectives on climate change. This project will help launch two early-career scientists, one female and one Latino, as well as a career scientist and two postdocs, two of whom are female, and two new graduate students. The laboratory component will support several graduate and undergraduate assistants, who will gain valuable research experience and have the opportunity to complete theses based on their research activities.

目前北极变暖的速度是全球平均水平的两倍，预计这将导致植物分布范围向北移动。木本植被的增加将减少光和热的表面反射（反照率），并增加大气水蒸气，这是目前气候模型中很少包含的正反馈。在加拿大东部北极地区 (ECA)，跨越当前间冰期和较温暖的前一间冰期的湖泊中的分层沉积物保留了沉积古 DNA (sedaDNA) 和有机分子，可用于重建过去的生态系统及其对温度和水文气候的依赖。通过将这些沉积物的数据与现代植被研究和气候监测相结合，将开发一个基于经验的生态系统气候模型，以预测到 2100 年在一系列气候轨迹情景下北极生态系统可能的演变。这将是首次将基于sedaDNA的植被记录与基于生物标记的气候记录整合到包含更温暖的北极记录的湖泊沉积物中。针对 ECA 结晶地形上薄土的生态系统研究很少。跨强气候梯度的目标湖泊周围的植物区系研究和植被环境分析建立了植物组合与夏季温度之间的当前关系，并定义了 sedaDNA 与附近植物群落之间的关系。土壤、空气和湖水中的温度记录仪，以及现代土壤和湖泊表面沉积物中的 DNA 和生物标记物分析，将增强对有前景的新型分子代理的理解，并促进区域培训集的开发。该项目汇集了北极植物生态学、古气候、sedaDNA 和有机地球化学领域的专家和最先进的设施，以对高纬度地区气候与生物地理学之间复杂的相互作用得出变革性的新见解，并将带来强有力的视角关于生态系统对整个非洲经委会预期未来变暖的潜在反应。该项目团队致力于通过加拿大北极当地社区以及国内的推广活动与更广泛的公众分享研究成果。该团队将在实地考察期间与因纽特人导游和助理密切合作，其中大部分地点靠近传统的狩猎和捕鱼地，并将通过加拿大公园管理局办公室的展示与附近的因纽特人社区分享结果。几十年来，与努纳武特研究所及其附属北极学院建立了牢固的合作伙伴关系，并将通过与北极学院环境技术项目的学生和工作人员合作建立交互式湖泊监测项目来扩大这种伙伴关系。在科罗拉多州博尔德，将根据气候变化的古生态和古气候观点，为代表性不足的高中生开发一门由奖学金资助的夏季实地和实验室课程。该项目将帮助培养两名早期职业科学家（一名女性和一名拉丁裔）、一名职业科学家和两名博士后（其中两名女性）和两名新研究生。实验室部分将支持几名研究生和本科生助理，他们将获得宝贵的研究经验，并有机会根据他们的研究活动完成论文。

项目成果

Last interglacial lake sediments preserved beneath Laurentide and Greenland Ice sheets provide insights into Arctic climate amplification and constrain 130 ka of ice‐sheet history

劳伦太德冰原和格陵兰冰原下保存的最后一个间冰期湖沉积物提供了有关北极气候放大和限制 130°ka 冰盖历史的见解

• DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3433
• 发表时间: 2022-06-09
• 期刊: Journal of Quaternary Science
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: G. Miller;A. P. Wolfe;Y. Axford;J. Briner;Helga Bueltmann;S. Crump;D. Francis;B. Fréchette;D. Gorbey;M. Kelly;J. McFarlin;E. Osterberg;J. Raberg;M. Raynolds;J. Sepúlveda;E. Thomas;G. De Wet
• 通讯作者: G. De Wet

Glacier expansion on Baffin Island during early Holocene cold reversals

全新世早期冷逆转期间巴芬岛冰川扩张

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106419
• 发表时间: 2020-07
• 期刊: Quaternary Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Crump, Sarah E.;Young, Nicolás E.;Miller, Gifford H.;Pendleton, Simon L.;Tulenko, Joseph P.;Anderson, Robert S.;Briner, Jason P.
• 通讯作者: Briner, Jason P.

Revised fractional abundances and warm-season temperatures substantially improve brGDGT calibrations in lake sediments

修订后的分数丰度和暖季温度显着改善了湖泊沉积物中的 brGDGT 校准

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021
• 发表时间: 2021-01-28
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: J. Raberg;David J. Harning;S. Crump;G. De Wet;A. Blumm;S. Kopf;Á. Geirsdóttir;G. Miller;J. Sepúlveda
• 通讯作者: J. Sepúlveda

Arctic shrub colonization lagged peak postglacial warmth: Molecular evidence in lake sediment from Arctic Canada

北极灌木殖民滞后于冰后温暖峰值：加拿大北极湖泊沉积物中的分子证据

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14836
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Global Change Biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Crump, Sarah E.;Miller, Gifford H.;Power, Matthew;Sepúlveda, Julio;Dildar, Nadia;Coghlan, Megan;Bunce, Michael
• 通讯作者: Bunce, Michael

Control of Short‐Stature Vegetation Type on Shallow Ground Temperatures in Permafrost Across the Eastern Canadian Arctic

矮植被类型对加拿大东部北极永久冻土浅层温度的控制

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jg006941
• 发表时间: 2022-06-27
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: S. Evans;J. Raberg;S. Crump;M. Raynolds;M. Sugg;Ale;er R. Brodie;er;G. Miller
• 通讯作者: G. Miller