EAGER:Capturing Stray Magnetic Fields for Ubiquitous Wireless Power

EAGER：捕获杂散磁场以实现无处不在的无线充电

• 批准号: 1748637
• 负责人: Shashank Priya
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1748637&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Capturing; Stray; Magnetic; Fields

Abstract:Nontechnical:Small magnitude magnetic fields arise from the current flow in the power transmission cables, wires connected to appliances (such as electric kettle, washer, dryer, etc.) and electronic devices. Electric transmission and distribution facilities, as well as residential wiring and appliances, account for background magnetic fields in the home. In homes not located near high-voltage power cables, this background field is small but directly beneath the power cables, the fields are much stronger. This background magnetic field can be converted into useful electricity by using the principle of magneto-mechano-electric conversion. Generated electricity can be stored into supercapacitor or rechargeable battery and used for various purposes such as powering sensors and mobile devices. The project will utilize piezoelectric - piezomagnetic materials that are coupled together in a laminate composite structure to provide conversion of magnetic field into electric field. As a demonstration, the project will target powering wireless sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicle flying over the power transmission lines. Several fundamental advances will be made in optimizing the energy conversion process including (i) design of the composite structure that results in magnetic flux amplification and reduction of demagnetization field within given shape and volume, (ii) understanding of the physical interactions occurring at varying length scales and addressing them in design of energy converter, (iii) full system modeling to reveal the role of materials, structure, and electrical variables and using the model to improve the system efficiency. These advancements in describing the dynamic magnetic field energy conversion process from sources such as power transmission cables, household appliances, and residential wiring will provide opportunity for developing new generation of wireless power sources. The knowledge generated from the project will be summarized into interdisciplinary web-based tutorial which will be offered to public through Energy Harvesting Society website. Summer camp comprising of lectures and laboratory tours for underrepresented high school students and teachers will be implemented in collaboration with the Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Diversity. International collaboration with Korea Institute of Materials Science will be established to expedite the development of wireless power source technology.Technical:The overarching objective of this project is to quantify the magnetic-to-electric energy conversion capability of proposed piezoelectric - piezomagnetic composite. In doing so, comprehensive synthesis - structure - performance relationships will be established for composites operating under varying magnetic field environment. Analytical modeling based upon constitutive equations, phenomenology and micromechanics will be used to understand the parametric response with emphasis on elucidating the role of interfacial coupling term. Finite element model will be used to design the composite architecture with matching mechanical impedance and optimum flux concentration with reduced demagnetization effect. Optimized composite structure will be fabricated using additive manufacturing based process. Dynamic impedance matching circuit will be designed to transfer power with high efficiency from the converter to storage media (supercapacitor or battery). Field testing will comprise of real-time energy harvesting from transmission cables. Combined these results will assist in evaluating the limits on power density and efficiency (output electrical energy/input magnetic energy) of magneto-mechano-electric conversion mechanism.

摘要：非技术性：输电电缆、连接电器（如电热水壶、洗衣机、烘干机等）和电子设备的电线中的电流会产生小幅度的磁场。输电和配电设施以及住宅布线和电器会产生家庭中的背景磁场。在不靠近高压电缆的家庭中，该背景场很小，但在电缆正下方，该场要强得多。利用磁-机-电转换原理，可以将这种背景磁场转换成有用的电能。产生的电力可以存储到超级电容器或可充电电池中，并用于各种用途，例如为传感器和移动设备供电。该项目将利用压电-压磁材料，这些材料在层压复合结构中耦合在一起，以将磁场转换为电场。作为演示，该项目的目标是为安装在飞越输电线路的无人机上的无线传感器供电。在优化能量转换过程方面将取得几项根本性进展，包括（i）复合结构的设计，从而在给定形状和体积内实现磁通量放大和退磁场减小，（ii）了解不同长度下发生的物理相互作用尺度并在能量转换器的设计中解决它们，（iii）完整的系统建模以揭示材料、结构和电气变量的作用，并使用该模型来提高系统效率。这些在描述输电电缆、家用电器和住宅布线等来源的动态磁场能量转换过程方面的进展将为开发新一代无线电源提供机会。该项目产生的知识将被汇总成跨学科的网络教程，该教程将通过能量收集协会网站向公众提供。将与增强工程多样性中心合作，为代表性不足的高中生和教师举办夏令营，包括讲座和实验室参观。将与韩国材料科学研究所建立国际合作，以加快无线电源技术的发展。技术：该项目的首要目标是量化所提出的压电-压磁复合材料的磁-电能量转换能力。在此过程中，将为在不同磁场环境下工作的复合材料建立全面的合成-结构-性能关系。基于本构方程、现象学和微观力学的分析模型将用于理解参数响应，重点是阐明界面耦合项的作用。有限元模型将用于设计具有匹配机械阻抗和最佳磁通浓度并减少退磁效应的复合结构。优化的复合材料结构将使用基于增材制造的工艺来制造。动态阻抗匹配电路将被设计为将电力从转换器高效传输到存储介质（超级电容器或电池）。现场测试将包括从传输电缆收集实时能量。综合这些结果将有助于评估磁-机-电转换机制的功率密度和效率（输出电能/输入磁能）的极限。