Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past

合作研究：南极扇贝是古环境和海冰条件的关键：了解现代以预测过去

• 批准号: 1745057
• 负责人: Sally Walker
• 金额: $ 11.23万
• 依托单位: University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1745057&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Antarctic; Scallop; Key

The goal of this project is to discover whether the Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki, provides a guide to sea-ice conditions in nearshore Antarctica today and in the past. Scallops may grow slower and live longer in habitats where sea ice persists for many years, limited by food, compared to habitats where sea ice melts out annually. Also, the chemicals retained in the shell during growth may provide crucial habitat information related to not only changing sea-ice conditions but also the type of food, whether it is recycled from the seafloor or produced by algae blooming when sea ice has melted. Unlocking the ecological imprint captured within the shell of the Antarctic Scallop will increase our understanding of changing sea-ice conditions in Antarctica. Further, because the Antarctic scallop had relatives living at the time when the Antarctic ice sheet first appeared, the scallop shell record may contain information on the stability of the ice sheet and the history of Antarctic shallow seas. Funding will also be integral for training a new generation of geoscientists in fossil and chemical forensics related to shallow sea habitats in Antarctica.Scallops are worldwide in distribution, are integral for structuring marine communities have an extensive fossil record dating to the late Devonian, and are increasingly recognized as important paleoenvironmental proxies because they are generally well preserved in the sediment and rock record. The primary goal of this project is to assess the differences in growth, lifespan, and chemistry (stable isotopes, trace elements) archived in the shell of the Antarctic scallop that may be indicative of two ice states: persistent (multiannual) sea ice at Explorers Cove (EC) and annual sea ice (that melts out every year) at Bay of Sails (BOS), western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. This project will investigate growth and lifespan proxies (physical and geochemical) and will use high-resolution records of stable oxygen isotopes to determine if a melt-water signal is archived in A. colbecki shells and whether that signal captures the differing ice behavior at two sites (EC versus BOS). Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in association with trace elements will be used to examine subannual productivity spikes indicative of phytoplankton blooms, which are predicted to be more pronounced during open ocean conditions. Small growth increments in the outer calcite layer will be assessed to determine if they represent fortnightly growth, if so, they could provide a high-resolution proxy for monthly environmental processes. Unlocking the environmental archive preserved in A. colbecki shells may prove to be an important proxy for understanding changing sea-ice conditions in Antarctica's past. Funding will support a Ph.D. student and undergraduates from multiple institutions working on independent research projects. Web content focused on Antarctic marine communities will be designed for museum outreach, reaching thousands of middle-school children each year.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的目的是发现南极扇贝Adamusmium Colbecki是否为今天和过去的南极近海的海冰条件提供了指南。与每年海冰融化的栖息地相比，扇贝的生长速度较慢，并且在海冰持续多年（受食物）限制的栖息地寿命更长。同样，在生长过程中保留在壳中的化学物质可能会提供与不仅改变海冰条件的不断变化的食物类型有关的关键栖息地信息，无论是从海底回收的食物还是在海冰融化时藻类绽放的藻类产生的关键信息。解锁南极扇贝壳中捕获的生态烙印将增加我们对南极冰改变状况的理解。此外，由于南极扇贝有亲戚在首次出现南极冰盖时生活，因此扇贝壳记录可能包含有关冰盖稳定性和南极浅海历史的信息。资金也将是培训与南极洲浅海栖息地相关的化石和化学取证的新一代地球科学家的重要组成部分。Scallops在全球范围内是分布的，对于结构构建海洋社区而言，具有广泛的化石记录与晚期的泥盆纪的历史记录，并且越来越多地被认为是重要的古环境原理，因为它们在岩石环境中的记录和摇摆不定。 The primary goal of this project is to assess the differences in growth, lifespan, and chemistry (stable isotopes, trace elements) archived in the shell of the Antarctic scallop that may be indicative of two ice states: persistent (multiannual) sea ice at Explorers Cove (EC) and annual sea ice (that melts out every year) at Bay of Sails (BOS), western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.该项目将研究生长和寿命代理（物理和地球化学），并将使用稳定的氧同位素的高分辨率记录来确定在A. colbecki壳中存档了熔体 - 水信号，以及该信号是否捕获了两个位点的冰行为是否不同（EC与BOS）。碳和氮的稳定同位素与痕量元素相关联，用于检查浮游植物盛开的次年生产力尖峰，预计在开放海洋条件下会更明显。将评估外部方解石层中的少量增长，以确定它们是否代表两周的增长，如果是的，则可以为每月环境过程提供高分辨率代理。解锁在A. colbecki壳中保存的环境档案库可能被证明是理解南极过去改变海冰条件的重要代理。资金将支持博士学位。来自从事独立研究项目的多个机构的学生和本科生。专注于南极海洋社区的Web内容将是为博物馆宣传设计的，每年都会吸引成千上万的中学儿童。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估审查标准的评估来支持的。

项目成果

Live-dead fidelity: The modern death assemblage of the Antarctic Scallop is biased by sea-ice state

活死保真度：南极扇贝的现代死亡组合因海冰状态而存在偏差

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
• 作者: Burdell, Maggie;Walker, Sally E.;Bowser, Samuel S.
• 通讯作者: Bowser, Samuel S.

THE ANTARCTIC SCALLOP ADAMUSSIUM COLBECKI AS A PROXY FOR SEA-ICE DURATION IN ANTARCTICA

南极扇贝 ADAMUSSIUM COLBECKI 作为南极洲海冰持续时间的代表

• DOI: 10.1130/abs/2019am-340824
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geological Society of America Abstract with Programs
• 作者: CRONIN, K. E.;WALKER, S. E.;GILLIKIN, D. P.;BOWSER, S. S.
• 通讯作者: BOWSER, S. S.

Striae in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki provide environmental insights but not reliable age increments

南极扇贝 Adamussium colbecki 中的条纹提供了环境见解，但不能提供可靠的年龄增量

• DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02830-7
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Polar Biology
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Cronin, Kelly E.;Walker, Sally E.;Bowser, Samuel S.
• 通讯作者: Bowser, Samuel S.

HOLOCENE ALEOCLIAMTE OF MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA RECONSTRUCTED FROM GROWTH STRIATIONS AND STABLE ISOTOPES OF THE ANTACTIC SCALLOP

根据南极扇贝的生长条纹和稳定同位素重建的南极洲麦克默多湾全新世阿莱克利姆特

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: PAGES OPEN SCIENCE MEETING (PAST GLOBAL CHANGE
• 作者: Puhalski, Emma;Gillikin, David;Cronin, Kelly;Verheyden, Anouk;Walker, Sally E.
• 通讯作者: Walker, Sally E.

Population dynamics in the Antarctic benthos: Inter-annual fluctuation of foraminiferal, tunicate, and scallop abundances in Explorers Cove, western McMurdo Sound.

南极底栖动物的种群动态：麦克默多海峡西部探险家湾有孔虫、被囊动物和扇贝丰度的年际波动。

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: PaleoBios
• 作者: Bowser, S.S.;Walker, S.E.;Cziko, P.
• 通讯作者: Cziko, P.