CHS: Small: Expanding the Design Space for Interactive Objects Through Development of Advanced 3D Printers and Printing Technology

CHS：小型：通过开发先进的 3D 打印机和打印技术扩展交互式对象的设计空间

• 批准号: 1718651
• 负责人: Scott Hudson
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1718651&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CHS; Small; Expanding; Design; Space

3D printing has tremendous potential to improve productivity in American businesses large and small, and to expand our ability to compete through innovation. It holds the promise of moving from mass-manufacture of one design for all, to mass customization where objects can be individualized to meet personal needs and preferences, as well as the demands of varying tasks. It also holds the promise of "democratizing" the means of production, by extending a new ability to manufacture unique products to individuals and small businesses who could not previously afford to do their own manufacturing. However, there are a number of barriers which are currently keeping this exciting new technology from reaching more widespread use. One of those barriers is the limited range of materials that 3D printers can handle. Currently, nearly all 3D printing is done in a single hard material such as plastic. However, most of the objects we use regularly are made from multiple materials, and often include soft materials which, as of yet, are inaccessible to 3D printers. This project seeks to improve this situation by exploring the design and implementation of new types of 3D printers, including: those that can produce soft fibrous materials; those capable of creating metal objects without the need for high temperatures or specialized environments; and hybrid printers capable of producing mixed material objects that include both hard metal and plastic as well as soft components. The goal is to create simple printers that are inexpensive and suitable for potential home or small business use. To maximize impact, a premium will be placed on simplicity of operation, so that the new printers can be run in your garage or basement if not on your desktop, by people without extensive training; similarly, there will be no use of exotic materials or chemistry. If successful, project outcomes will have a wide impact which helps to change the nature of manufacturing by expanding its availability and flexibility, especially for smaller scale production.This project seeks to develop three new types of 3D printers and to explore the design space for interactive devices which is opened by them. The first will produce prints that are able to mix soft fibers (produced by electrospinning) with traditional rigid plastic in a single print. The second will consider printing of layered metal objects at near room temperature in a way that will support embedding and mixing of materials, while the third will take advantage of this property to provide prints which are capable of containing metal (e.g., as a strong structural core), conventional plastic (e.g., as a functional body) and soft fiber components (e.g., as a soft skin and/or to provide flexibility where needed). For each of these printers, the project will explore the substantial new design space that is opened up at three levels: basic printing capabilities (such as engineered stiffness variations for custom bending), reusable components that are enabled by the new materials (such as input sensors or new compliant mechanisms), and full example objects which will test the practical bounds of the work.

3D 打印具有巨大的潜力，可以提高美国大大小小的企业的生产力，并通过创新增强我们的竞争能力。 它有望从面向所有人的一种设计的大规模制造转向大规模定制，其中可以对对象进行个性化以满足个人需求和偏好以及不同任务的要求。 它还承诺通过向以前无力自己制造的个人和小企业提供制造独特产品的新能力，实现生产方式的“民主化”。 然而，目前存在许多障碍阻碍这项令人兴奋的新技术得到更广泛的应用。 这些障碍之一是 3D 打印机可以处理的材料范围有限。 目前，几乎所有 3D 打印都是使用塑料等单一硬质材料完成的。 然而，我们经常使用的大多数物品都是由多种材料制成的，并且通常包括迄今为止 3D 打印机无法打印的软材料。 该项目旨在通过探索新型3D打印机的设计和实施来改善这种情况，包括：那些可以生产软纤维材料的打印机；那些能够在不需要高温或特殊环境的情况下制造金属物体的人；混合打印机能够生产混合材料物体，包括硬质金属和塑料以及软质部件。 目标是创建价格便宜且适合潜在家庭或小型企业使用的简单打印机。 为了最大限度地发挥影响力，我们将高度重视操作的简单性，以便新打印机即使不在桌面上也可以在车库或地下室运行，由未经广泛培训的人员运行；同样，也不会使用外来材料或化学物质。 如果成功，项目成果将产生广泛的影响，通过扩大其可用性和灵活性，特别是小规模生产，有助于改变制造业的性质。该项目旨在开发三种新型 3D 打印机，并探索交互式的设计空间他们打开的设备。第一个将生产能够在一次打印中将软纤维（通过静电纺丝生产）与传统硬质塑料混合的打印件。第二个将考虑在接近室温下以支持材料嵌入和混合的方式打印分层金属物体，而第三个将利用这一特性提供能够包含金属的打印件（例如，作为坚固的结构）芯）、传统塑料（例如，作为功能体）和软纤维组件（例如，作为软皮和/或在需要时提供灵活性）。 对于每台打印机，该项目将探索在三个层面上开辟的实质性新设计空间：基本打印功能（例如用于定制弯曲的工程刚度变化）、新材料支持的可重复使用组件（例如输入传感器或新的兼容机制），以及将测试工作实际范围的完整示例对象。

项目成果

KnitPicking Textures: Programming and Modifying Complex Knitted Textures for Machine and Hand Knitting

KnitPicking 纹理：编程和修改机器和手工编织的复杂针织纹理

• DOI: 10.1145/3332165.3347886
• 发表时间: 2019-10-17
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
• 作者: M. Hofmann;Lea Albaugh;Ticha Sethapakdi;J. Hodgins;S. Hudson;J. McCann;Jennifer Mankoff
• 通讯作者: Jennifer Mankoff

OptiStructures: Fabrication of Room-Scale Interactive Structures with Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Optical Sensors and Displays

OptiStructures：利用嵌入式光纤布拉格光栅光学传感器和显示器制造房间规模的交互式结构

• DOI: 10.1145/3397310
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
• 作者: Swaminathan, Saiganesh;Fagert, Jonathon;Rivera, Michael;Cao, Andrew;Laput, Gierad;Noh, Hae Young;Hudson, Scott E.
• 通讯作者: Hudson, Scott E.

The Upcycled Home: Removing Barriers to Lightweight Modification of the Home's Everyday Objects

升级改造的家居：消除家居日常用品轻量化改造的障碍

• DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376314
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing
• 作者: Williams, Kristin;Pulivarthy, Rajitha;Hudson, Scott E.;Hammer, Jessica
• 通讯作者: Hammer, Jessica

Engineering Multifunctional Spacer Fabrics Through Machine Knitting

通过机器编织设计多功能间隔织物

• DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445564
• 发表时间: 2021-05-06
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Lea Albaugh;J. McCann;S. Hudson;Lining Yao
• 通讯作者: Lining Yao

Forte: User-Driven Generative Design

Forte：用户驱动的生成设计

• DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174070
• 发表时间: 2018-04-21
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Xiang 'Anthony' Chen;Ye Tao;Guanyun Wang;Runchang Kang;Tovi Grossman;Stelian Coros;S. Hudson
• 通讯作者: S. Hudson