Collaborative Research: Birnirk prehistory and the emergence of Inupiaq Culture in Northwestern Alaska, archaeological and anthropological perspectives.

合作研究：比尔尼克史前史和阿拉斯加西北部因努皮克文化的出现、考古学和人类学观点。

• 批准号: 1732344
• 负责人: Dennis O'Rourke
• 金额: $ 28.05万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1732344&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Birnirk; prehistory; emergence

This project will explore the question of the origin of Inupiaq culture in northwestern Alaska at the end of the first millennium AD. The project will document the cultural histories, social interactions, population diversity and dispersal, and environmental changes from data collected at Cape Espenberg and in relation to the greater Bering Strait and Arctic regions. The research team will work together with community members in Shishmaref to conduct archaeological excavation, paleoecology and ancient DNA research to better understand who were the people that first settled the area around AD 1000, when and from where they came, and in what environmental conditions these events took place. At the same time they will work with cultural advisers and Shishmaref community members who have ancestral ties to the area to explore how material culture and landscape is interpreted to talk about the past and tell history. The project will promote progress of science and education by conducting basic research and developing new methods in the several research fields involved. By insuring and promoting proper conservation of artifacts the project, will increase awareness and capacity to preserve the growing catalog of perishable organic artifacts, increasingly exposed due to eroding coastal and thawing permafrost. By including indigenous perspectives on material culture, the research will promote an archaeology that is more receptive to multiple voices. The project will also foster national and international collaborations between four US research institutes, a French University (U. of Panthéon Sorbonne), a rural Alaska community and a regional non-profit corporation. Associated with the project a variety of initiatives represent opportunities in research, education and training for a number of underrepresented Alaska minorities, women, and undergraduate and graduate students. The aims of this multidisciplinary program of research is to explore human interaction, settlement history, climate and landscape dynamics in relation to the Birnirk archaeological complex at ca. AD 1000. After a period of hiatus, Birnirk site KTZ-304 at Cape Espenberg (Inuigniq) was occupied at a pivotal cultural and environmental moment in Northwest Alaska and the larger Bering Sea region, just before AD 1000 and prior to the emergence of Inupiaq culture around AD 1300. Cape Espenberg is a key location for this cultural history both because of the presence of Ipiutak, Birnik and Thule archaeological sites and as ancestral land of today's Kigiqtaamiut of Shishmaref. Interrelated and integrated analytical approaches involving cultural and physical anthropology, archaeology and paleoecology will (a) form the framework for continued excavation at site KTZ-304 (b) contribute to study architectural features, archaeofauna, ceramics, and artifacts in order to elucidate social networks, subsistence systems and technology, and to understand the impact of climate and resource availability on peoples activities, decisions and movements; (c) guide the collecting of paleoenvironmental data through targeted sampling of swales and ridges to date dune ridge stabilization, reconstruct terrestrial vegetation and map the location of the ocean relative to the site; (d) integrate ancient DNA (aDNA) studies to establish the broader genetic relationships of Inuit societies in the region and beyond; (e) explore how Kigiqtaamiut interpret material culture to understand the past, narrate history and generate knowledge (f) foster a dialog on the role of material culture today in the community of Shishmaref and in between the Kigiqtaamiut and the scientists to construct more reflexive interpretations of the past, and thus (g) advance understanding of the origin of Inupiaq culture through the development of a high-resolution chronology of settlement and landscape formation, cultural shift and climate variation.

该项目将探讨第一个千年公元结束时在阿拉斯加西北部的Inupiaq文化的起源问题。该项目将记录文化历史，社会互动，人口多样性和分散以及与埃斯滕伯格角（Cape Espenberg）收集的数据以及与更大的白令海峡和北极地区有关的环境变化。研究小组将与Shishmaref的社区成员一起进行考古发掘，古生态学和古老的DNA研究，以更好地了解谁是最初在公元1000年，何时何地到达该地区的人，以及在哪些环境条件下，这些事件发生了什么。同时，他们将与文化顾问和Shishmaref社区成员合作，他们与该地区有着祖先的联系，以探索如何解释物质文化和景观来谈论过去并讲述历史。该项目将通过在涉及的几个研究领域进行基础研究和开发新方法来促进科学和教育的进步。通过确保和促进该项目的适当保存该项目，将提高人们的意识和能力，以保留日益增长的易腐有机物伪像的目录，由于沿海和融化的多年冻土而越来越暴露。通过包括对物质文化的土著观点，该研究将促进一种更容易接受多种声音的考古学。该项目还将促进四家美国研究机构，一所法国大学（PanthéonSorbonneU. ofPanthéonSorbonne），阿拉斯加乡村社区和一个地区非营利性公司之间的国家和国际合作。与该项目相关的各种举措代表了许多代表人数不足的阿拉斯加少数民族，妇女以及本科生和研究生的研究，教育和培训的机会。这项多学科研究计划的目的是探索与CA的Birnirk档案馆有关的人类互动，设定历史，气候和景观动态。公元1000年。经过一段时间的休假，Birnirk站点KTZ-304在Cape Espenberg（Inuigniq）被占领在阿拉斯加西北部和较大的Alaska和更大的综合海洋地区的关键文化和环境时刻，就在公元1000年之前，在1000年之前，在Adupiaq Culture的出现之前。以及图勒考古遗址，并作为当今Shishmaref的Kigiqtaamiut的祖先土地。 Interrelated and integrated analytical approaches involving cultural and physical anthropology, archaeology and paleoecology will (a) form the framework for continued excavation at site KTZ-304 (b) contribute to study architectural features, archaeofauna, ceramics, and artifacts in order to elucidate social networks, subsistence systems and technology, and to understand the impact of climate and resource availability on people activities, decisions and movements; （c）通过针对迄今为止沙丘山脊稳定，重建陆地蔬菜的秋季和山脊的针对性采样，指导古环境数据收集。 （d）综合的古代DNA（ADNA）研究，以建立该地区及其他地区的因纽特社会的更广泛的遗传关系； (e) explore how Kigiqtaamiut interprets material culture to understand the past, narrate history and generate knowledge (f) foster a dialog on the role of material culture today in the community of Shishmaref and in between the Kigiqtaamiut and the scientists to construct more reflexive interpretations of the past, and thus (g) advance understanding of the origin of Inupiaq culture through the development of a high-resolution chronology of settlement and景观形成，文化转移和气候变化。