High Resolution 4D In-Operando Imaging of High Energy Density Battery Electrode Cycling

高能量密度电池电极循环的高分辨率 4D 术中成像

• 批准号: 1705321
• 负责人: Shawn Litster
• 金额: $ 29.95万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1705321&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Resolution; 4D; Operando; Imaging; Energy

This research addresses the challenges faced with advanced anodes for next generation lithium batteries for transportation applications, using a combination of advanced imaging and diagnostics. The research will establish and utilize an ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution test bed for 4D (3D space + time) in-operando imaging of batteries using nano-scale X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT). The scientific objective is to elucidate the failure mechanisms of the most promising anode chemistries for electric and hybrid vehicles, including Li metal, tin (Sn), and silicon (Si) alloying anodes. The results of this research could have significant benefits to advance battery technologies with Li metal, Si, and Sn anodes, which have the potential to significantly surpass current Li-ion battery technologies in terms of performance and cost. If successful, these batteries could rapidly advance the adoption of electric vehicles for reduced emissions, greater efficiency, and increased domestic energy security. The PI will support the research experiences of graduate and undergraduate students, integrate the research with courses, and communicate the work to the broader community.For Li metal anodes, the in-operando imaging experiments are focused on dendrite nucleation and initial growth at high resolution in standard electrolytes. The imaging will utilize the laboratory-scale nano-scale resolution (50 nm) X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) instrument. The instrument features Zernike phase contrast optics for imaging low Z materials like Li. A key advantage of nano-CT versus transmission or scanning electron microscopy is there is no need for vacuum and standard electrolytes can be used. In addition, the nano-CT images large volumes that match electrode length scales rather than the thin slices of liquid TEM cells. The experiments focus on the controlled introduction of micro/nano-scale physical and chemical features and characterizing their impact on problematic electroplating and the control of alloying in Si and Sn anodes. A key goal is to identify the surface and particle features that destabilize electrodes and yield dendrite nucleation and Li-alloying particle fracture. The 4D mapping of alloy phase nucleation and propagation will offer new insight into the stable phases of those systems, the particle/electrode morphology effects, and particle-particle interactions. The fundamental knowledge extracted from this imaging can then be applied to advancing the performance and safety of these electrodes.

这项研究结合了先进的成像和诊断技术，解决了交通应用中下一代锂电池的先进阳极所面临的挑战。该研究将建立并利用超高空间和时间分辨率测试台，使用纳米级 X 射线计算机断层扫描 (nano-CT) 对电池进行 4D（3D 空间 + 时间）术中成像。科学目标是阐明电动和混合动力汽车最有前途的阳极化学材料的失效机制，包括锂金属、锡 (Sn) 和硅 (Si) 合金阳极。这项研究的结果可能对推进锂金属、硅和锡负极电池技术具有重大意义，这些技术有可能在性能和成本方面显着超越当前的锂离子电池技术。如果成功，这些电池可以迅速推动电动汽车的采用，以减少排放、提高效率并增强国内能源安全。 PI 将支持研究生和本科生的研究经验，将研究与课程相结合，并将工作成果传达给更广泛的社区。对于锂金属负极，操作中成像实验重点关注高分辨率的枝晶成核和初始生长在标准电解质中。成像将利用实验室级纳米级分辨率 (50 nm) X 射线计算机断层扫描 (nano-CT) 仪器。该仪器采用 Zernike 相衬光学器件，用于对 Li 等低 Z 材料进行成像。与透射或扫描电子显微镜相比，纳米 CT 的一个关键优势是不需要真空并且可以使用标准电解质。此外，纳米 CT 可以对与电极长度尺度相匹配的大体积图像进行成像，而不是对液体 TEM 池的薄片进行成像。 实验重点是受控地引入微/纳米级物理和化学特征，并表征它们对有问题的电镀的影响以及硅和锡阳极合金化的控制。一个关键目标是识别导致电极不稳定并产生枝晶成核和锂合金颗粒断裂的表面和颗粒特征。合金相成核和传播的 4D 映射将为这些系统的稳定相、颗粒/电极形态效应以及颗粒-颗粒相互作用提供新的见解。从该成像中提取的基础知识可以应用于提高这些电极的性能和安全性。