DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The role of rapid adaptation in population establishment

论文研究：快速适应在人口建立中的作用

• 批准号: 1701791
• 负责人: Jennifer Lau
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701791&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; role; rapid; adaptation

Evolution was once assumed to only occur slowly over long time scales, but many recent studies have found that rapid adaptation (adaptation that occurs over timescales observable by humans) can occur across a wide range of species and in many biological systems, and can affect ecological interactions and processes. Theory predicts that rapid adaptation can also potentially affect the establishment of species in new habitats, but there is little evidence from natural systems to support this. This project will investigate rapid adaptation in recently established plant populations, as well as how symbiotic microbes might influence plant rapid adaptation. By conducting this work at an ecological restoration site, this project will not only expand our understanding of basic ecological processes, but results of the project can be applied to make restorations more successful. This is important, as the restoration of degraded landscapes can play a critical role in biodiversity conservation, yet species sown into restorations often fail to establish. Additionally, this project includes the mentoring of undergraduate students and development of online educational materials for K-12 students.By using field experiments, reciprocal transplants, and greenhouse studies, this project aims to expand understanding of the role of rapid adaptation in population establishment in several ways. First, although empirical evidence suggests that evolution may occur rapidly enough to influence establishment, few studies consider the demographic effects of adaptation. This study will examine the demographic effects of adaptation in recently established plant populations. Second, this work aims to identify the selective agents and traits responsible for local adaptation, which few studies attempt to do. By combining selection analyses with reciprocal transplant experiments, this study will both predict evolutionary responses and test whether those predicted evolutionary shifts have actually occurred. Finally, this work will investigate the role of microbial mutualists in plant rapid adaptation by examining interactions between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and how traits mediating interactions with rhizobia have evolved in response to field environments that differ in soil nutrient availability and rhizobium community properties. The results of this work will elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between rapid adaptation and population establishment.

进化曾经被认为只会在很长的时间尺度上缓慢发生，但最近的许多研究发现，快速适应（在人类可观察到的时间尺度上发生的适应）可以发生在广泛的物种和许多生物系统中，并且可以影响生态系统相互作用和过程。理论预测，快速适应也可能影响物种在新栖息地的建立，但自然系统几乎没有证据支持这一点。该项目将研究最近建立的植物种群的快速适应，以及共生微生物如何影响植物的快速适应。通过在生态恢复现场进行这项工作，该项目不仅将扩大我们对基本生态过程的理解，而且该项目的结果可以应用于使恢复更加成功。这很重要，因为退化景观的恢复可以在生物多样性保护中发挥关键作用，但在恢复中播种的物种往往无法建立。此外，该项目还包括对本科生的指导以及为 K-12 学生开发在线教育材料。通过现场实验、相互移植和温室研究，该项目旨在加深对快速适应在人口建立中的作用的理解。有几种方法。首先，尽管经验证据表明进化可能发生得足够快，足以影响定居，但很少有研究考虑适应对人口的影响。这项研究将研究适应对最近建立的植物种群的人口影响。其次，这项工作旨在确定负责局部适应的选择因子和特征，很少有研究尝试这样做。通过将选择分析与相互移植实验相结合，这项研究将预测进化反应并测试这些预测的进化转变是否确实发生。最后，这项工作将通过研究豆科植物和固氮细菌之间的相互作用，以及介导与根瘤菌相互作用的性状如何进化来响应土壤养分有效性和根瘤菌群落特性不同的田间环境，来研究微生物互利共生在植物快速适应中的作用。这项工作的结果将阐明快速适应与种群建立之间关系的潜在机制。

项目成果

The Limits to Adaptation in Restored Ecosystems and How Management Can Help Overcome Them

恢复的生态系统适应的限制以及管理如何帮助克服这些限制

• DOI: 10.3417/2019430
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Lau, Jennifer A.;Magnoli, Susan M.;Zirbel, Chad R.;Brudvig, Lars A.
• 通讯作者: Brudvig, Lars A.