EAPSI: Discernment of Japanese and Native American Ancestry Using Nonmetric and Metric Dental Traits

EAPSI：使用非公制和公制牙齿特征辨别日本人和美洲原住民血统

• 批准号: 1713808
• 负责人: Madelyn Green
• 金额: $ 0.54万
• 依托单位: Green Madelyn
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1713808&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAPSI; Discernment; Japanese; Native; American

Forensic anthropologists work alongside law enforcement to expedite the identification process of unknown individuals that are a financial and physical burden to medical examiners and coroners across the United States. Observing skeletal collections and identifying unique variation among different populations is a key method when attempting to identify unknown persons from their skeletal remains alone. Through the development of new methods that are used by forensic anthropologists to determine the sex, age, ancestry, and trauma analysis for skeletonized remains, more individuals can be identified. This study focuses on the determination Native American or Asian ancestry of individuals through the observation of dental variation in shape and size. Cooperation with international institutions and researchers, such as Dr. Yoshikatsu Negishi at Jikei University in Tokyo, is essential not only to access skeletal collection with which new methods will be established, but also so form professional relationships to better ensure the standardization of new methods. This research study endeavors to dispel the grouping of Native Americans and Asians into one umbrella ancestry category which is based on the two groups' ancient genetic relationship. Since the two populations have been separate from each other, both geographically and genetically, for thousands of years, they have experienced different population histories that may have influenced the expression of dental morphological traits and the dimensions of their tooth crowns. By using a Japanese skeletal collection and dental casts of a population of the Seminole Native Americans, this study serves as an exploration of the variation between Native Americans and Asian populations. This study will be a contribution to the anthropological discussion of ancestry and to the identification methods of law enforcement. This award, under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program, supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

法医人类学家与执法部门合作，加快不明身份人员的识别过程，这些人员给美国各地的法医和验尸官带来了经济和身体上的负担。当试图仅从骨骼遗骸中识别未知人员时，观察骨骼集合并识别不同人群之间的独特变异是一个关键方法。通过开发法医人类学家用来确定骨骼遗骸的性别、年龄、血统和创伤分析的新方法，可以识别更多的个体。这项研究的重点是通过观察牙齿形状和大小的变化来确定个体的美洲原住民或亚洲血统。与国际机构和研究人员（例如东京慈惠大学的 Yoshikatsu Negishi 博士）的合作不仅对于获取用于建立新方法的骨骼收集至关重要，而且还可以建立专业关系以更好地确保新方法的标准化。这项研究致力于将美洲原住民和亚洲人归为一个统一的祖先类别，该类别基于这两个群体古老的遗传关系。由于这两个种群在地理上和基因上都彼此分离了数千年，因此他们经历了不同的种群历史，这可能影响了牙齿形态特征的表达和牙冠的尺寸。通过使用日本的骨骼收藏和塞米诺尔美洲原住民的牙模，这项研究旨在探索美洲原住民和亚洲人群之间的差异。这项研究将对祖先的人类学讨论和执法的识别方法做出贡献。 该奖项属于东亚和太平洋地区暑期学院计划，支持美国研究生的暑期研究，由美国国家科学基金会和日本科学振兴会共同资助。