RAPID: Collaborative Research: GPS observations of post-seismic deformation from the 3 Sep 2016, Mw 5.8, Pawnee, Oklahoma

RAPID：协作研究：2016 年 9 月 3 日震后变形的 GPS 观测，Mw 5.8，俄克拉荷马州波尼

• 批准号: 1664340
• 负责人: Robert Smalley
• 金额: $ 0.53万
• 依托单位: University of Memphis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-11-01 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1664340&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; GPS; observations

We propose to use GPS technology in the area of the Pawnee earthquake to measure slow movements of the ground caused by the earthquake that are expected to occur there during the next 1-2 years. One of the causes of these so-called ?post-seismic? movements after natural earthquakes is the readjustment of fluids around the fault to the new crustal stress field generated by the earthquake. The injection of wastewater in Oklahoma from oil production has increased from 5 to 10 times since 2009, and this increased injection rate is thought to have induced a concurrent 450% increase in the number of earthquakes in this state. The Pawnee earthquake is the largest historical event in Oklahoma and, if confirmed that it is induced, among the largest induced earthquakes to date worldwide. The proposed work will provide the first capture of the postseismic deformation field of an earthquake not associated with a seismically active plate boundary such as the existing in California, and if confirmed that it is induced, a human induced earthquake. Analysis of the post-seismic signal will contribute to understanding the role of fluid, and the injection of fluid, in both natural and possibly induced earthquakes, and guide development of strategies to mitigate damage from earthquakes induced by fluid injection.We propose installing 8 geodetically monumented, Continuous GPS (CGPS) stations to perform post-seismic deformation measurements in the epicentral region of the 3 September 2016, M 5.8, Pawnee, Oklahoma earthquake. In addition to being intraplate, and the largest historical earthquake in Oklahoma, this event also occurred within a region experiencing an exponential increase in seismic activity since the start of 2009 that we think is related to a significant coincident increase in the rate of disposal by injection of wastewater from petroleum production. An earthquake this size should produce a measurable postseismic deformation signal over a period of a few years that can provide important information about the event and the properties and state of the crust and faults in the epicentral region. The CGPS measurements will complement seismic and other geophysical studies of this earthquake by providing data on post-seismic crustal deformation, especially the fluid poroelastic component, caused by the earthquake. Such data will be essential for modeling crustal and fault properties, potentially contribute to improving our understanding the role of fluids in the earthquake process, and reducing seismic hazard from induced earthquakes.

我们建议在波尼地震地区使用 GPS 技术来测量预计在未来 1-2​​ 年内发生的地震引起的地面缓慢移动。这些所谓“地震后”的原因之一是。自然地震后的运动是断层周围的流体对地震产生的新的地应力场的重新调整。自 2009 年以来，俄克拉荷马州石油生产废水的注入量增加了 5 至 10 倍，这种增加的注入率被认为导致该州的地震次数同时增加了 450%。波尼地震是俄克拉荷马州发生的最大的历史事件，如果证实它是诱发地震，那么它也是迄今为止全球最大的诱发地震之一。拟议的工作将首次捕获与地震活动板块边界（例如加利福尼亚州现有的地震活动板块边界）无关的地震的震后变形场，如果确认它是由人为诱发的地震引起的。对震后信号的分析将有助于了解流体和流体注入在自然地震和可能诱发的地震中的作用，并指导制定减轻流体注入引起的地震损害的策略。我们建议在大地测量上安装 8 个纪念性的连续 GPS (CGPS) 站，用于在 2016 年 9 月 3 日俄克拉荷马州波尼发生的 5.8 级地震震中地区进行震后形变测量。除了板内地震和俄克拉荷马州历史上最大的地震之外，该事件还发生在自 2009 年初以来地震活动呈指数级增长的区域内，我们认为这与注入处置率的同时显着增加有关石油生产废水。这种规模的地震应该会在几年内产生可测量的震后形变信号，该信号可以提供有关事件以及震中地区地壳和断层的性质和状态的重要信息。 CGPS 测量将通过提供震后地壳变形的数据，特别是由地震引起的流体孔隙弹性成分，来补充这次地震的地震和其他地球物理研究。这些数据对于模拟地壳和断层特性至关重要，可能有助于提高我们对流体在地震过程中的作用的理解，并减少诱发地震的地震危害。