Investigating the Nature of Excitations in Superfluid 3He Using MEMS Oscillators

使用 MEMS 振荡器研究超流体 3He 中的激发性质

• 批准号: 1708818
• 负责人: Yoonseok Lee
• 金额: $ 46.43万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1708818&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigating; Nature; Excitations; Superfluid; 3He

Non-technical Description:More than 50 years ago, a distinguished theoretical physicist and a science writer George Gamow said that only number theory and topology had no application to physics. Nonetheless, physicists started to understand the significant role of topology in physics since 1980's, and new types of materials called topological quantum matter are being discovered. These materials possess unexpected properties which not only expand our knowledge but also functionality of the materials. In general, these topological materials are composed of multiple elements with complex structures. However, a form of helium, called helium-three isotope, becomes a topological matter when it is cooled down to a liquid form at extremely low temperature close to absolute zero. At such conditions it forms a new state of matter called a superfluid that exhibits fascinating quantum phenomena. In this project, the PI's research group investigates the nature of superfluid helium-three using a unique experimental technique employing small mechanical oscillators. This project will expand our understanding on these unique properties of helium-three. The research group is composed of graduate and undergraduate students working as a team. They will be trained not only in the field of low-temperature physics but also in silicon nanofabrication technology from design to fabrication of specialized devices that have proliferated our modern world through their widespread use as sensors and actuators.Technical Description: Growing interest in the surface Andreev bound states in p-wave superfluid 3He arises from the fact that it is arguably the most complete platform available to investigate the nature of topological excitations. The PI's group has developed a versatile and powerful experimental probe based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology to study the surface Andreev bound states in this system. The major activities are: (i) Investigation of the topological surface states on a specular boundary for comprehensive understanding of the nature such as experimental evidence for Dirac fermions and a possible field-driven topological transition. (ii) Investigation of the interactions between two surface states in close proximity. (iii) Development of a sensitive quasiparticle flux sensor with a spatially resolved detection capability in the form of MEMS arrays. This project, in close collaboration with theorists, will certainly expand our understanding of these unique excitations in a pristine topological superfluid. Confirmation of the theoretically predicted topological transition induced by a small magnetic field would be one of the most convincing manifestation of a symmetry-protected topological superfluid and Majorana fermions in this system. The successful development of MEMS arrays will provide unprecedented opportunities to achieve spatially-resolved detection in 3He and 4He with many foreseeable applications: visualization of vortices and angle-resolved detection of quasiparticles in 3He, and momentum resolved roton-phonon detection and quantum turbulence study in He-II.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术描述：50多年前，一位杰出的理论物理学家和一位科学作家乔治·戈诺（George Gamow）说，只有数字理论和拓扑没有应用物理学。 尽管如此，物理学家开始了解自1980年代以来拓扑在物理学中的重要作用，并且正在发现新型的称为拓扑量子物质的材料。 这些材料具有意想不到的特性，不仅扩大了我们的知识，还扩大了材料的功能。 通常，这些拓扑材料由具有复杂结构的多个元素组成。 但是，一种称为氦三同位素的氦形式，当将其冷却到极低的温度接近绝对零的液体形式时，它变成了拓扑问题。 在这种情况下，它形成了一种称为超氟的新物质状态，表现出迷人的量子现象。 在该项目中，PI的研究小组使用使用小型机械振荡器的独特实验技术研究了超流体氦的性质。 该项目将扩大我们对氦三的独特特性的理解。 研究小组由团队工作的研究生和本科生组成。 They will be trained not only in the field of low-temperature physics but also in silicon nanofabrication technology from design to fabrication of specialized devices that have proliferated our modern world through their widespread use as sensors and actuators.Technical Description: Growing interest in the surface Andreev bound states in p-wave superfluid 3He arises from the fact that it is arguably the most complete platform available to investigate the nature of topological激发。 PI的小组基于微机械系统（MEMS）技术开发了一种多功能且强大的实验探针，以研究该系统中的Andreev结合状态。 主要活动是：（i）对镜面边界上的拓扑表面状态进行研究，以全面理解性质，例如dirac fermions的实验证据和可能的现场驱动拓扑转变。 （ii）对两个表面状态之间的相互作用的研究紧邻。 （iii）开发具有MEMS阵列形式的空间分辨检测能力的敏感的准粒子通量传感器。 该项目与理论家密切合作，肯定会在原始的拓扑超流体中扩展我们对这些独特的激励的理解。 对小磁场引起的理论上预测的拓扑跃迁的确认将是该系统中受对称保护的拓扑超流体和Majoragara fermions的最具说服力的表现之一。 The successful development of MEMS arrays will provide unprecedented opportunities to achieve spatially-resolved detection in 3He and 4He with many foreseeable applications: visualization of vortices and angle-resolved detection of quasiparticles in 3He, and momentum resolved roton-phonon detection and quantum turbulence study in He-II.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响评估标准通过评估来支持。

项目成果

Phase noise in a Duffing oscillator induced by quantum turbulence

量子湍流引起的杜芬振荡器中的相位噪声

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.106.094502
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Barquist, C. S.;Jiang, W. G.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.;Chan, H. B.
• 通讯作者: Chan, H. B.

Damping of a microelectromechanical oscillator in turbulent superfluid He4 : A probe of quantized vorticity in the ultralow temperature regime

湍流超流体 He4 中微机电振荡器的阻尼：超低温状态下量子化涡度的探针

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.101.174513
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Physical Review B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Barquist, C. S.;Jiang, W. G.;Gunther, K.;Eng, N.;Lee, Y.;Chan, H. B.
• 通讯作者: Chan, H. B.

The Effect of Remnant Vortices in He II on Multiple Modesof a Micro-electromechanical Resonator

He II 中残余涡流对微机电谐振器多种模式的影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s10909-018-02113-2
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Low Temperature Physics
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Barquist, C. S.;Jiang, W. G.;Zheng, P.;Lee, Y.;Chan, H. B.
• 通讯作者: Chan, H. B.

Determining the source of phase noise: Response of a driven Duffing oscillator to low-frequency damping and resonance frequency fluctuations

确定相位噪声源：驱动杜芬振荡器对低频阻尼和谐振频率波动的响应

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2021.132999
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena
• 作者: Barquist, C.S.;Jiang, W.G.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.
• 通讯作者: Lee, Y.

Surface 4 He Adsorption Level Determination with a Microelectromechanical Oscillator

使用微机电振荡器测定表面 4 He 吸附水平

• DOI: 10.7566/jpscp.38.011191
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics
• 作者: Jiang, W. G.;Barquist, C. S.;Gunther, K.;Lee, Y.
• 通讯作者: Lee, Y.