Collaborative Research: LSC Center for Coatings Research

合作研究：LSC 涂料研究中心

基本信息

批准号：
1707870
负责人：
Hai-Ping Cheng
金额：
$ 52.1万
依托单位：
University of Florida
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1707870&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research LSC Center Coatings

项目摘要

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) Center for Coatings Research (CCR), funded by the NSF and with planned co-funding by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, seeks to extend the reach of the next generation of gravitational wave detectors by addressing the dominant noise source limiting their performance, thermal noise in the interferometer mirrors. This noise reduces the number of observable gravitational wave signals from astronomical sources. It arises from thermal excitation of the vibrational modes of the mirrors in the LIGO detector optics. The effect of these excitations is reduced as the mechanical quality factor (Q) of the mirrors is increased. Since the Q of the mirrors is limited by the reflective coatings deposited on their surfaces, lower noise requires development of better coatings. The CCR combines groups from 10 institutions in the US working on computational modeling of amorphous materials, deposition of coatings, and characterization of their atomic structure and macroscopic properties. These components are often performed by three diverse communities that work in relative isolation from each other. The strength of the CCR and its promise of accelerating discoveries arises from close integration of these three communities focused on a unified research goal. Coating thermal noise is also a limiting factor in the fields of precision timing, quantum information, low noise interferometry, and precision measurements like the search for deviations in the gravitational inverse-square law. Coatings improving on the state of the art in mechanical and optical properties developed under this program would be applicable to these communities as well. On broader impacts in education, the mixture of undergraduate institutions with elite graduate programs provides research opportunities at all education levels and establishes clear avenues of advancement for students who wish to pursue a career within the physical sciences. In addition, the CCR has a strong commitment to the advancement of women and underrepresented minorities; and will also continue its participants' activities in issues of education and public outreach through all major channels of public and social media.The A+ LIGO detector, planned for 2021, will reduce quantum noise with squeezed light injection, leaving thermal noise dominant in the mid-band of the detector. Reducing this noise source requires reducing the mechanical dissipation in the mirror coatings on the test masses. The goal of this project is to develop mirror coatings consistent with A+ LIGO's mechanical and optical requirements. Meeting this goal requires solution of a longstanding problem in the physics of amorphous materials: the nature and control of the low-energy excitations in amorphous oxides. On a longer time scale, developing mirror coatings for the cryogenic LIGO Voyager detector broadens the possibilities to include amorphous or crystalline semiconductors. The primary research focus is to find conditions under which amorphous metal-oxide coatings can be deposited as "ultrastable glasses", which have a low density of the structural motifs that form two-level systems, the source of elastic dissipation. A second research track seeks methods to stabilize coatings against crystallization during high temperature annealing, another method known to reduce room temperature elastic losses. For the longer term research towards LIGO Voyager applications, the group will investigate non-oxide coatings such as single-crystal semiconductors AlGaAs and AlGaP, which have shown low mechanical loss for small geometries but whose scale up to the size of LIGO optics is challenging; and also amorphous silicon and silicon nitride, which have attractive mechanical properties but whose optical properties must be improved.

LIGO科学合作（LSC）涂料研究中心（CCR）由NSF资助，并由Gordon和Betty Moore Foundation与计划的共同资助，试图通过解决下一代引力波探测器的影响力，通过解决主要的噪声源来解决下一代引力波探测器的影响，从而限制其效果，限制其热噪声，干扰素镜中的热噪声。这种噪声减少了天文来源可观察到的重力波信号的数量。它源于Ligo检测器光学镜中镜子振动模式的热激发。随着镜子的机械质量因子（Q）的增加，这些激发的效果被降低。由于镜子的Q受到沉积在其表面上的反射涂层的限制，因此较低的噪声需要开发更好的涂层。 CCR结合了美国10个机构的群体，从事非晶材料的计算建模，涂料沉积以及其原子结构和宏观特性的表征。这些组成部分通常由三个不同的社区进行，它们相互隔离。 CCR的力量及其加速发现的承诺源于这三个社区的密切整合，这些社区集中在统一的研究目标上。涂层热噪声也是精确时序，量子信息，低噪声干涉法和精确测量等领域中的限制因素，例如在重力逆方方法律中寻找偏差。根据该程序开发的机械和光学特性的最新技术的涂料也适用于这些社区。关于教育的更广泛影响，本科机构与精英研究生课程的混合在一起为所有教育水平提供了研究机会，并为希望从事体育科学领域从事职业的学生建立了明显的进步途径。此外，CCR对妇女和代表性不足的少数群体的进步具有坚定的承诺。并将通过所有主要的公共媒体和社交媒体的主要渠道继续其参与者在教育和公共宣传问题上的活动。计划于2021年计划的A+ LIGO探测器将通过挤压光注射挤压，从而减少量子噪声，从而在检测器中频段中占主导地位。减少此噪声源需要减少测试质量镜涂层中的机械耗散。该项目的目的是开发与+ Ligo的机械和光学要求一致的镜像。实现此目标需要解决无定形材料物理学的长期问题：无定形氧化物中低能激发的性质和控制。在更长的时间尺度上，开发用于低温Ligo Voyager探测器的镜涂层扩大了包括无定形或晶体半导体的可能性。主要的研究重点是找到可以将无定形金属氧化物涂层沉积为“超级玻璃”的条件，这些玻璃杯具有较低的结构基序，形成了两级系统，即弹性耗散的来源。第二个研究轨道寻求在高温退火期间稳定涂层的方法，这是另一种已知降低室温弹性损失的方法。对于针对Ligo Voyager应用的长期研究，该小组将研究非氧化物涂层，例如单晶半导体藻类和ALGAP，它们显示出小几何形状的机械损失较低，但其规模达到Ligo Optics的规模很大。以及具有吸引人的机械性能但必须改善其光学特性的无定形硅和氮化硅。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Hidden structure in the medium-range order of amorphous zirconia-tantala films

非晶氧化锆-钽薄膜的中程隐藏结构

DOI：
10.1103/physrevb.108.054103
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Physical Review B
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Mishkin, Alec;Jiang, Jun;Zhang, Rui;Cheng, Hai-Ping;Prasai, Kiran;Bassiri, Riccardo;Fejer, Martin
通讯作者：
Fejer, Martin

Amorphous Zirconia-doped Tantala modeling and simulations using explicit multi-element spectral neighbor analysis machine learning potentials (EME-SNAP)

使用显式多元素光谱邻域分析机器学习潜力 (EME-SNAP) 对非晶氧化锆掺杂 Tantala 进行建模和模拟

DOI：
10.1103/physrevmaterials.7.045602
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Physical Review Materials
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Jiang, Jun;Li, Xiang-Guo;Mishkin, Alec S.;Zhang, Rui;Bassiri, Riccardo;Fry, James N.;Fejer, Martin M.;Cheng, Hai-Ping
通讯作者：
Cheng, Hai-Ping

High Precision Detection of Change in Intermediate Range Order of Amorphous Zirconia-Doped Tantala Thin Films Due to Annealing

高精度检测非晶氧化锆掺杂钽薄膜因退火引起的中程序变化

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.123.045501
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Physical Review Letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Prasai, K.;Jiang, J.;Mishkin, A.;Shyam, B.;Angelova, S.;Birney, R.;Drabold, D. A.;Fazio, M.;Gustafson, E. K.;Harry, G.
通讯作者：
Harry, G.

Analysis of two-level systems and mechanical loss in amorphous ZrO 2 -doped Ta 2 O 5 by non-cage-breaking and cage-breaking transitions

非晶ZrO 2 掺杂Ta 2 O 5 中非破笼和破笼转变的两能级系统和机械损失分析

DOI：
10.1063/5.0046332
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
The Journal of Chemical Physics
影响因子：
0
作者：
Jiang, Jun;Mishkin, Alec S.;Prasai, Kiran;Zhang, Rui;Yazback, Maher;Bassiri, Riccardo;Fejer, Martin M.;Cheng, Hai-Ping
通讯作者：
Cheng, Hai-Ping

Annealing‐Induced Changes in the Atomic Structure of Amorphous Silica, Germania, and Tantala Using Accelerated Molecular Dynamics

退火——利用加速分子动力学引起无定形二氧化硅、二氧化锗和钽原子结构的变化