Collaborative Research: The Norrona Project: An International Collaboration for Sustained Studies of the Meridional Overturning Circulation between Denmark, the Faroes and Iceland

合作研究：诺罗纳项目：丹麦、法罗群岛和冰岛之间经向翻转环流持续研究的国际合作

基本信息

批准号：
1658226
负责人：
H. Thomas Rossby
金额：
$ 13.83万
依托单位：
University of Rhode Island
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-05-15 至 2020-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658226&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Norrona Project International

项目摘要

The presence of and flow of warm salty water across the northern North Atlantic plays a key role in shaping the mild climate of central and northern Europe. This flow is in large measure controlled by enormous heat losses in the Nordic Seas that transform this water into very dense water that eventually spill back out into the deep North Atlantic. Since 2008, the flow of North Atlantic Water into the Nordic Seas has been measured where it passes through natural choke points: the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) and the Iceland-Faroe Ridge (IFR). The measurements come from a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) that scans currents at high horizontal resolution along the track of the high-seas ferry M/F Norröna. While this has been a tremendous success, during rough weather in the winter bubbles are swept down and interfere with the instrument. To mitigate this problem, the instrument was recently moved further aft to the skeg, where fewer bubbles are expected. This project will allow the researchers to assess the improvement in data quality, and participate in the operation of the instrument and scientific analyses for another two years over which the operation will be handed over to scientists at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen, Norway and at Faroes Marine Research Institute. The Iceland-Faroe-Scotland ridge separates two large and distinctly different water mass systems (the North Atlantic and the Arctic Mediterranean) that communicate through warm, salty inflow and dense water outflow through the deep gaps in the ridge. The inflow is quantified with these ADCP current profiles, coupled with temperature profiles from XBTs deployed automatically at selected sites from the Automated eXpendable Instrument System (AXIS) on the same vessel. On shorter time scales exchange is likely wind-driven, while on longer time scales (seasonal and longer) buoyancy loss must be of paramount importance. With sustained and improved Norröna monitoring of the inflows and moored ADCPs monitoring the outflow through the deep gaps (a Faroes-Norway program), one can examine in considerable detail the space-time response of these fluxes to time-varying atmospheric forcing including the well-known North-Atlantic Oscillation.

北大西洋北部温暖咸水的存在和流动在塑造中欧和北欧温和气候方面发挥着关键作用，这种流动在很大程度上受到北欧海洋巨大热损失的控制，这些热损失将这些水转化为非常咸的水。最终溢出到北大西洋深处的浓水自 2008 年以来，人们对流经法罗-设得兰海峡 (FSC) 和冰岛-法罗海峡等天然阻塞点的北大西洋水流进行了测量。岭(IFR) 测量来自船载声学多普勒电流剖面仪 (ADCP)，它以高水平分辨率扫描公海渡轮 M/F Norröna 的航迹，但在恶劣天气期间取得了巨大成功。为了缓解这个问题，该仪器最近被移至艉鳍，预计该项目将允许研究人员评估数据质量的改善并参与其中。在该仪器的运行和科学分析将在两年内移交给挪威卑尔根海洋研究所（IMR）和法罗群岛海洋研究所的科学家进行。两个截然不同的大型水团系统（北大西洋和北冰洋地中海）通过温暖、含盐的流入物和通过山脊深处间隙流出的浓水进行交流。流入量通过这些 ADCP 洋流剖面和温度剖面进行量化。在较短的时间尺度上，交换可能是由风驱动的，而在较长的时间尺度（季节性和较长时间）上，浮力损失必须是最重要的。通过持续和改进的诺罗纳 (Norröna) 流入监测和停泊的 ADCP 监测通过深层缝隙的流出（法罗群岛 - 挪威计划），人们可以相当详细地检查流域的时空响应。这些随时间变化的大气强迫通量，包括众所周知的北大西洋涛动。