Doctoral Dissertation Research: Managing Cultural Change: Women Navigating Purdah and Security at the Borders of Disease, Deviance, and Transportation

博士论文研究：管理文化变革：女性在疾病、越轨和交通边界的深闺和安全中航行

• 批准号: 1702743
• 负责人: Allison Pugh
• 金额: $ 1.14万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702743&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Managing; Cultural

This project analyzes how three groups of women security workers in Karachi, Pakistan, navigate the transition from gendered seclusion or purdah, to stigmatized work in the public sphere, how they balance the discordant requirements of work and home, and how their activities shape the public sphere. The project expands knowledge in two sociological fields: (1) It enhances feminist state theory by examining how women's labors complicate the equation between gender, nation, and state, in a context shaped by a medley of dissonant global forces: Islamization, neoliberalism and securitization. (2) By addressing how culture works in circumstances that create a mismatch between actors and their settings (i.e. in conditions of hysteresis) it contributes to general sociological knowledge of broad interest about how people adapt to and cope with their changing social contexts. Since these women security workers are involved in projects partially funded by US sources, this project will provide valuable new information for US policy makers, enabling them to craft more effective programs to bolster US initiatives promoting health, security, and gender-equity, globally. By bringing marginalized experiences to light, the project will also help enhance mutual understanding between the United States and Muslim cultures, especially in South Asia. The three cases include policewomen, Lady Health Workers (LHWs), and airline attendants, all three occupations employed by the state to patrol the borders of health, crime, and transportation in Pakistan. These women workers enable the state to extend its reach and its security agenda amongst veiled women citizens, but are stigmatized for breaching their own gendered seclusion to work alongside men. Enforcing and contending with various gender practices, they must manage the tangle of opposing state and global forces. For instance, LHWs must straddle global Islamic discourses surrounding gender as well as global health discourses surrounding risk in motivating women clients to pursue family planning, which is often done in breach of men's wishes. Three kinds of methods are used to analyze how women security workers manage these conflicting logics and contend with their own stigmatization: (1) primary data comprises 120 in-depth interviews with the women, (2) this data is contextualized via observations of the women?s workplaces, their homes, and their interactions with those they serve. (3) Secondary data encompasses textual analysis of training manuals, official websites and news coverage of the women's activities, providing insights into the broader social context within which the women are located. Two research questions will be addressed through this data: (1) How do Pakistani women working stigmatized jobs at the interstices of purdah, globalization, citizenship, and security, balance the tensions that ensue when dissonant logics vie with each other to discipline women's bodies? How do these women's activities shape the public sphere? and (2) How are notions of state, nation, home and family complicated or reworked through these women's activities in the crevices of the globalized clash between state, empire, religious nationalism and gender?

该项目分析了巴基斯坦卡拉奇的三组女性保安人员如何从性别隔离或深闺转变为公共领域的污名化工作，她们如何平衡工作和家庭的不和谐要求，以及她们的活动如何塑造公众领域。该项目扩展了两个社会学领域的知识：（1）它通过研究在伊斯兰化、新自由主义和安全化等不和谐的全球力量混合形成的背景下，女性的劳动如何使性别、民族和国家之间的等式变得复杂化，从而增强了女权主义国家理论。 。 （2）通过解决文化如何在行为者与其环境之间造成不匹配的情况下（即滞后条件下）发挥作用，它有助于人们对人们如何适应和应对不断变化的社会环境产生广泛兴趣的一般社会学知识。由于这些女性安全工作者参与了部分由美国资助的项目，该项目将为美国政策制定者提供有价值的新信息，使他们能够制定更有效的计划，以支持美国在全球范围内促进健康、安全和性别平等的举措。通过揭露边缘化的经历，该项目还将有助于增强美国和穆斯林文化之间的相互理解，特别是在南亚。这三起案件包括女警察、女卫生员（LHW）和空乘人员，这三种职业都是国家雇用的在巴基斯坦的卫生、犯罪和交通边境巡逻的职业。这些女工使国家能够在戴面纱的女公民中扩大其影响力和安全议程，但她们却因违反自己的性别隔离而与男性一起工作而受到侮辱。为了加强和应对各种性别做法，他们必须处理好国家和全球对立力量的纠缠。 例如，LHW 必须跨越围绕性别的全球伊斯兰话语以及围绕激励女性客户实行计划生育的风险的全球健康话语，而这往往违背了男性的意愿。我们使用三种方法来分析女性保安人员如何处理这些相互冲突的逻辑并应对自己的污名化：（1）主要数据包括对女性的 120 次深度访谈，（2）这些数据是通过对女性的观察来背景化的他们的工作场所、家庭以及他们与服务对象的互动。 (3) 二手数据包括对培训手册、官方网站和妇女活动新闻报道的文本分析，提供对妇女所处更广泛社会背景的洞察。通过这些数据可以解决两个研究问题：（1）巴基斯坦妇女在深闺、全球化、公民身份和安全的间隙从事被污名化的工作，如何平衡当不和谐的逻辑相互竞争以约束妇女的身体时所产生的紧张局势？这些妇女的活动如何塑造公共领域？ (2) 在国家、帝国、宗教民族主义和性别之间的全球化冲突的缝隙中，这些妇女的活动如何使国家、民族、家庭和家庭的概念变得复杂或重新设计？