DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Phenological shifts in seed-dispersal networks of the Sierra Nevada, California

论文研究：加利福尼亚州内华达山脉种子传播网络的物候变化

基本信息

批准号：
1701858
负责人：
Morgan Tingley
金额：
$ 1.74万
依托单位：
University of Connecticut
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-06-01 至 2018-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701858&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Phenological shifts seed

项目摘要

Many recreational and cultural events are based on the seasonal timing of natural events. For example, visitors flock to New England to enjoy fall leaf colors and birdwatchers congregate in May to welcome migrating birds. Seasonal timing also matters to plants and animals. To fuel their fall migrations, birds rely on calorie-rich wild fruits. Likewise, the plants that make those fruits rely on migrating birds to carry their seeds to places where they can grow into new plants. This mutually beneficial interaction works because the timing of wild fruit production matches the timing of bird migration. In many places, however, the seasonal timing of bird migration and fruit production has become misaligned. With not enough fruit to fuel their migratory flights, birds may suffer during migration. And, without birds to disperse their seeds, some plants could fail to produce the next generation. This research will measure how much fruit production and bird migration are misaligned. Investigators will study the environmental cues for fall migration and fruit production as well as the factors that control how many fruits are produced by wild plants. Members of the public will participate by providing observations on bird-fruit interactions and will learn about scientific research through field trips led by the investigators. The relationships between environmental cues and fall seasonal events in birds and plants remain largely unexplored. This project will use multi-year, multi-species, publicly available datasets to estimate year-to-year differences in the timing of fall migration in birds and fruiting in fleshy-fruited shrubs. Two methods will be employed to determine relationships. First, researchers will use Bayesian survival models to regress data on yearly timing of migration and fruiting from the National Phenology Network and eBird, respectively, with data on environmental drivers. Second, a common garden experiment with five genera of shrubs will be set up to mechanistically determine for the first time how increased temperature, drought, and the interaction between the temperature and drought affect the timing and abundance of fruits. Results will be useful in predicting the ability of birds to migrate and fruiting-plants to disperse their seeds.

许多娱乐和文化活动都是基于自然事件的季节性时间。例如，游客涌向新英格兰，享受秋天的叶子颜色，而观鸟者则在5月聚集来欢迎迁移的鸟类。季节性时机对动植物也很重要。为了助长秋天的迁移，鸟类依靠卡路里富含富含卡路里的野生水果。同样，使这些水果的植物依靠迁移鸟类将种子携带到可以生长成新植物的地方。这种互惠互利的相互作用有效，因为野生水果生产的时机与鸟类迁移的时机相匹配。然而，在许多地方，鸟类迁移和水果产量的季节性时机已经错过。由于没有足够的水果来助长其迁徙飞行，因此鸟类可能会在迁移过程中遭受痛苦。而且，如果没有鸟类来分散种子，一些植物可能无法产生下一代。这项研究将衡量多少水果生产和鸟类迁移未对准。研究人员将研究秋季迁移和水果生产的环境线索，以及控制野生植物产生多少水果的因素。公众将通过提供关于鸟类互动的观察来参加，并通过调查人员领导的实地考察了解科学研究。鸟类和植物中环境线索与秋季季节性事件之间的关系在很大程度上尚未得到探索。该项目将使用多年的多种物种，公开可用的数据集来估计鸟类堕落的时机逐年差异，并在肉质果实的灌木丛中进行果实。将采用两种方法来确定关系。首先，研究人员将使用贝叶斯生存模型分别通过有关环境驱动因素的数据来回归有关移民和效果的年度时间的数据。其次，将建立一个具有五个灌木属的常见花园实验，以首次确定温度，干旱以及温度和干旱之间的相互作用如何影响水果的时机和丰度。结果将有助于预测鸟类迁移和成果分散种子的能力。