DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Negotiations Over Offspring Care: A Test of Alternative Hypotheses Using the Clown Anemonefish

论文研究：关于后代照顾的谈判：使用小丑小丑鱼对替代假设进行检验

基本信息

批准号：
1701657
负责人：
Peter Buston
金额：
$ 1.64万
依托单位：
Trustees of Boston University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701657&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Negotiations Over Offspring

项目摘要

Conflict is a pervasive feature of animal societies. Conflicts arise whenever the interests of interacting individuals are not wholly aligned, yet many social interactions require individuals to reach some compromise. Parental care is an interaction that is rife with conflict, because both parents benefit from shifting the burden of care to the other, yet requires cooperation, because both parents benefit from the total amount of care. The outcome of conflict between parents has been modeled using economic game theory models, which assume that individuals act in their best interest but that their optimal behavior depends on how others behave. This project will build on existing empirical and theoretical work to test alternative hypotheses for how parents negotiate care utilizing a tractable study system: the clown anemonefish a.k.a. Nemo. Studying how conflict among caring parents is resolved is critical to understanding why animals, including humans, form such alliances. Undergraduates involved in the project will receive training in aquarium maintenance, assist in ongoing research, and complete independent research projects. This project will also encourage participation of underrepresented groups in science through the researchers' participation in Science Club for Girls and through work with local school groups at the Mahonia Na Dari field station. The results will be broadly disseminated through presentations at international scientific meetings and development of "data nuggets" (http://datanuggets.org/) to ensure that results are available in a format that will enhance public understanding.The existence of biparental care poses a perplexing evolutionary question because parents must coordinate their behavior to raise offspring when there are costs to providing care and inherent conflicts of interest among parents. The objective of this project is to test plausible alternative hypotheses for the factors that govern how parents negotiate the amount of care to provide to their offspring, and create a more general framework for understanding conflict resolution. The researchers will test four alternative hypotheses for how parents negotiate the amount of care to provide to their offspring: H0) Parental effort is fixed; H1) Parental effort is negotiated based on partner effort alone; H2) Parental effort is negotiated with an information asymmetry; H3) Parental effort is negotiated with a power asymmetry; H4) Parental effort is negotiated with a simple form of reciprocity. Experiments will be conducted in a natural population of clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula) in Papua New Guinea. By supplementing food resources, effort by each parent will be manipulated in a non-invasive and ecologically relevant manner. The anemonefish system allows tests of alternative hypotheses simultaneously, where previous studies have only tested them in isolation. Furthermore, the majority of negotiation studies have been conducted in birds, so utilizing A. percula will test the generality of theoretical predictions. In sum, the proposed research will use a tractable study species together with a rigorous alternative hypothesis testing approach to determine the factors that influence the outcome of negotiations. While incorporating teaching, training and learning, this research will create a more general framework for studying conflict resolution and revise our understanding of negotiations over offspring care.

冲突是动物社会的普遍特征。每当互动个体的利益不完全结盟时，就会发生冲突，但是许多社交互动都要求个人达成一些妥协。父母的护理是一种与冲突充满冲突的互动，因为父母双方都受益于将护理负担转移到对方的负担，但需要合作，因为父母双方都从总体护理中受益。父母之间冲突的结果是使用经济游戏理论模型对其进行建模的，该模型假设个人符合自己的最大利益，但最佳行为取决于他人的行为方式。该项目将基于现有的经验和理论工作，以检验父母如何利用可拖动研究系统谈判护理的替代假设：小丑Anemonefish又名Nemo。研究关怀父母之间的冲突如何解决至关重要，这对于理解为什么包括人类在内的动物形成这样的同盟至关重要。参与该项目的本科生将接受水族馆维护，协助正在进行的研究和完成独立研究项目的培训。该项目还将通过研究人员参加女子科学俱乐部以及与Mahonia Na Dari野战站的当地学校团体合作，鼓励代表性不足的科学团体参与科学。结果将通过在国际科学会议上的演讲和“数据掘金”（http://datanuggets.org/）开发来广泛传播，以确保以增强公众理解的格式可获得结果，以增强公众的理解。双方族护理的存在。双方族的存在构成了一个完善的进化问题，因为父母必须在其行为中培养兴趣和构成的成本，而造成了兴趣的兴趣，而构成了康复的费用。该项目的目的是检验合理的替代假设，以控制父母如何谈判为后代提供的护理数量的因素，并创建一个更一般的框架来理解解决冲突的解决方案。研究人员将对父母如何谈判为后代提供的护理数量来检验四个替代假设：H0）父母的努力是固定的； H1）父母的努力仅基于伴侣的努力来谈判； H2）父母的努力与信息不对称协商； H3）父母的努力是通过权力不对称的； H4）父母的努力以一种简单的互惠形式协商。实验将在巴布亚新几内亚的自然种群中进行自然种群的小丑Anemonefish（Amphiprion Percula）进行。通过补充粮食资源，每个父母的努力将以无创和生态相关的方式进行操纵。 Anemonefish系统允许同时测试替代假设，在此研究中，先前的研究仅分别对其进行了测试。此外，大多数谈判研究都是在鸟类中进行的，因此利用A. Percula将测试理论预测的一般性。总而言之，拟议的研究将使用可访问的研究物种以及一种严格的替代假设检验方法来确定影响谈判结果的因素。在整合教学，培训和学习的同时，这项研究将创建一个更一般的框架，以研究解决冲突，并修改我们对后代护理的谈判的理解。