DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Exploring novel leaf phenology of invading shrubs

论文研究：探索入侵灌木的新叶子物候学

• 批准号: 1701470
• 负责人: Margot Kaye
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701470&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Exploring; novel; leaf

Invasive shrubs are a major concern in eastern U.S. forests where their success is at the cost of native species diversity and tree regeneration. One of the reasons invasive shrubs may impact native ecosystems so greatly is that they have an extended period with leaves, as compared to native woody species, also called extended leaf phenology (ELP). Phenology is the timing of biological phenomena that correspond to climatic conditions. This earlier leaf emergence in the spring and/or later leaf fall in the autumn creates shade at unique times of the year. So far, studies comparing ELP of invasive compared to native shrubs have been done at single locations. However, we know that cues that drive leaf phenology, for example temperature, vary greatly from region to region and from year to year. So, when we compare regions across the eastern U.S., will we find differences in leaf phenology between native and invasive shrubs? Are there regions where it is important to focus management efforts because ELP of invading shrubs is greater? How will leaf phenology change with temperature changes? To address these questions, researchers have developed a citizen science campaign called "Shady Invaders" to collect leaf phenology observations across the eastern U.S. Through participant training and eNewsletter and webinar updates, both the public and scientific research are enriched from this collaboration. Species-specific leaf phenology data are impossible to collect simultaneously across a regional scale without numerous observers. Fortunately, data collection is straightforward, allowing the growing efforts of citizen scientists to be applied to this problem. Regional citizen science phenology observations for native and invasive shrubs will provide insight into the spatial extent and consistency of the novel leaf phenology of invasive shrubs across eastern U.S. and will contribute to our understanding of the broader applicability of local-scale research on this topic. The landscape-scale, multi-year approach can be used to predict the potential implications of climate change for leaf phenology by developing a predictive model for phenology. Through collaboration with researchers from China, phenology data are being incorporated from the native range of the shrub species invading forests of eastern U.S. to understand whether novel phenology arose as a product of evolutionary pressures in the native range (pre-adaptation), or more recently in the introduced range (rapid adaptation with range expansion). This will contribute to pressing research questions as well as informing whether leaf phenology is a useful tool for predicting and preventing future invasions.

在美国东部森林中，侵入性灌木是其成功造成本地物种多样性和树木再生的主要关注点。侵入性灌木可能会影响天然生态系统的原因之一是，与本地木质物种相比，它们的叶子长期延长，也称为扩展的叶子物候（ELP）。物候是与气候条件相对应的生物现象的时机。春季和/或后来的叶子落在秋天的叶子出现在一年中的独特时代创造了阴影。到目前为止，在单个位置进行了比较与天然灌木相比进行比较的侵入性ELP的研究。但是，我们知道，驱动叶子物候的提示，例如温度，各个地区以及每年都有很大的不同。因此，当我们比较美国东部地区的地区时，我们会发现本土和侵入性灌木之间的叶子物候差异吗？是否存在重点管理工作重要的地区，因为入侵灌木的ELP更大？叶子物候随温度的变化将如何变化？为了解决这些问题，研究人员开发了一项名为“ Shady Invaders”的公民科学运动，通过参与者培训以及Enewsletter和网络研讨会的更新来收集美国东部美国东部的叶子物候观察结果，这项合作都丰富了公众和科学研究。如果没有众多观察者，就不可能在区域尺度上同时收集物种特异性的叶片物候数据。幸运的是，数据收集很简单，从而使公民科学家的日益增长的努力能够应用于此问题。对本地和入侵灌木的区域公民科学物​​候观察结果将为我们整个美国东部的入侵灌木的新型叶片物物学的空间范围和一致性提供洞察力，并将有助于我们理解该主题的本地规模研究的广泛适用性。景观规模的多年方法可用于通过开发物候学的预测模型来预测气候变化对叶子物候的潜在影响。通过与中国的研究人员的合作，正在从美国东部的灌木范围内纳入物候数据，以了解新的物候学是作为本地范围内进化压力的产物，还是最近在引入的范围（随着范围扩展的快速适应）。这将有助于迫切的研究问题，并告知叶子物候学是否是预测和防止未来入侵的有用工具。