DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Exploring novel leaf phenology of invading shrubs

论文研究：探索入侵灌木的新叶子物候学

• 批准号: 1701470
• 负责人: Margot Kaye
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701470&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Exploring; novel; leaf

Invasive shrubs are a major concern in eastern U.S. forests where their success is at the cost of native species diversity and tree regeneration. One of the reasons invasive shrubs may impact native ecosystems so greatly is that they have an extended period with leaves, as compared to native woody species, also called extended leaf phenology (ELP). Phenology is the timing of biological phenomena that correspond to climatic conditions. This earlier leaf emergence in the spring and/or later leaf fall in the autumn creates shade at unique times of the year. So far, studies comparing ELP of invasive compared to native shrubs have been done at single locations. However, we know that cues that drive leaf phenology, for example temperature, vary greatly from region to region and from year to year. So, when we compare regions across the eastern U.S., will we find differences in leaf phenology between native and invasive shrubs? Are there regions where it is important to focus management efforts because ELP of invading shrubs is greater? How will leaf phenology change with temperature changes? To address these questions, researchers have developed a citizen science campaign called "Shady Invaders" to collect leaf phenology observations across the eastern U.S. Through participant training and eNewsletter and webinar updates, both the public and scientific research are enriched from this collaboration. Species-specific leaf phenology data are impossible to collect simultaneously across a regional scale without numerous observers. Fortunately, data collection is straightforward, allowing the growing efforts of citizen scientists to be applied to this problem. Regional citizen science phenology observations for native and invasive shrubs will provide insight into the spatial extent and consistency of the novel leaf phenology of invasive shrubs across eastern U.S. and will contribute to our understanding of the broader applicability of local-scale research on this topic. The landscape-scale, multi-year approach can be used to predict the potential implications of climate change for leaf phenology by developing a predictive model for phenology. Through collaboration with researchers from China, phenology data are being incorporated from the native range of the shrub species invading forests of eastern U.S. to understand whether novel phenology arose as a product of evolutionary pressures in the native range (pre-adaptation), or more recently in the introduced range (rapid adaptation with range expansion). This will contribute to pressing research questions as well as informing whether leaf phenology is a useful tool for predicting and preventing future invasions.

入侵灌木是美国东部森林的一个主要问题，它们的成功是以本地物种多样性和树木再生为代价的。入侵灌木对本地生态系统影响如此之大的原因之一是，与本地木本物种相比，它们的叶子周期较长，也称为延长叶物候（ELP）。物候学是与气候条件相对应的生物现象的时间安排。春季较早出现叶子和/或秋季较晚落叶会在一年中的独特时间产生阴影。到目前为止，比较入侵灌木与本地灌木的 ELP 的研究是在单个地点进行的。然而，我们知道，驱动叶片物候的因素（例如温度）因地区和年份的不同而有很大差异。那么，当我们比较美国东部地区时，我们会发现本土灌木和入侵灌木之间叶子物候的差异吗？是否有一些地区因入侵灌木的 ELP 较大而需要重点关注管理工作？叶子物候将如何随温度变化而变化？为了解决这些问题，研究人员发起了一项名为“Shady Invaders”的公民科学活动，以收集美国东部地区的叶子物候观测结果。通过参与者培训、电子通讯和网络研讨会更新，公众和科学研究都从这次合作中得到了丰富。如果没有大量观察者，就不可能在区域范围内同时收集物种特定的叶子物候数据。幸运的是，数据收集很简单，使得公民科学家能够不断努力解决这个问题。对本地和入侵灌木的区域公民科学物​​候学观察将有助于深入了解美国东部入侵灌木的新型叶子物候学的空间范围和一致性，并将有助于我们了解该主题的本地规模研究的更广泛适用性。通过开发物候预测模型，景观尺度的多年方法可用于预测气候变化对叶子物候的潜在影响。通过与中国研究人员的合作，正在整合入侵美国东部森林的灌木物种原生范围的物候数据，以了解新的物候是否是原生范围（适应前）或最近进化压力的产物。在引入的范围内（通过范围扩展快速适应）。这将有助于解决紧迫的研究问题，并了解叶子物候学是否是预测和预防未来入侵的有用工具。