Exploring Endosymbiont Biodiversity and Complexity in the Family Cicadidae

探索蝉科内共生生物多样性和复杂性

• 批准号: 1655891
• 负责人: Chris Simon
• 金额: $ 84.7万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655891&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploring; Endosymbiont; Biodiversity; Complexity; Family

All organisms possess beneficial microbial partners (symbionts) that contribute to their health and survival. Many of these live in the gut and are known as the microbiome. Insect symbionts are theorized to bring new features that allow species formation and habitat invasions. In the case of insects that feed on food lacking important nutrients, highly specialized microbes inhabit organs in the abdomen and provide essential amino acids and vitamins. The major goal of this proposal is to study the interactions between insects and microbes and how they function together in a mutually beneficial relationship. The roles of endosymbionts in speciation and biogeography are largely unexplored and their diversity and evolution is poorly known outside a handful of model systems. This research uses cicadas as a study system because they have a particularly deficient diet and are diverse and spread across the globe. DNA data will be used to construct a dated evolutionary tree to study how the cicadas and their symbiont partners have spread around the world and diversified into new species. This information will be useful in general understanding how microorganisms benefit their hosts and specifically in the study of invasions of beneficial and pest insects of agricultural importance. Biodiversity information for cicadas and their symbionts will be disseminated to scientists and the general public by journal publications, society meetings, and the World Wide Web. Citizen science projects and biology lab exercises will be designed and made available. Future scientists will be trained in multiple laboratories, including one postdoc and two graduate students; many undergraduate participants will interact with scientists internationally via the web. Cicada primary endosymbionts have already been demonstrated to include examples of evolution that are surprisingly different from those of other insects, such as rampant symbiont genome duplication/lineage splitting in diverse cicada lineages followed by complementary gene loss and pseudogene formation. To understand the biogeography and evolution of host-symbiont consortia, an existing cicada phylogeny created previously by the research team involved in this work will be expanded and used as a framework. Ecological and symbiont data mapped onto the tree will test hypotheses about the relative timing of changes in cicada habitat association and symbiont consortium membership. This work asks: 1) Does the gain of a secondary (facultative) endosymbiont facilitate the breakdown and or loss of primary (obligate) endosymbiont? Or, 2) Does the breakdown or loss of the obligate endosymbiont allow the invasion of a secondary endosymbiont? Similarly, 3) Do changes in the gut microbiota affect primary endosymbionts (keeping in mind that gut microbiota are known to synthesize essential amino acids for some hosts). Finally, 4) Is symbiont consortium membership related to changes in the external environment (both biotic and abiotic) such as the invasion of new habitats with different environmental conditions and host plants. Improved high-throughput genomic sequencing methods and probes for conserved endosymbiont genes will simultaneously expand the framework Cicadidae evolutionary tree while generating genetic datasets for both of the primary cicada endosymbionts. Surveys of cicada symbiotic partners using metagenomic sequencing (of bacteriomes and fat bodies for endosymbionts) and amplicon sequencing (of gut contents for microbiome studies) will allow the exploration of microbial and fungal symbiont biodiversity. Our hypothesis testing will facilitate exploration of environmental versus evolutionary drivers of biodiversity innovation. New information on the evolution of bacterial endosymbiont genomes will also be produced.

所有生物体都有有益的微生物伴侣（共生体），可有助于其健康和生存。其中许多生活在肠道中，被称为微生物组。理论上将昆虫共生体带来了允许物种形成和栖息地入侵的新特征。如果以缺乏重要营养的食物为食的昆虫，高度专业的微生物居住在腹部中，并提供必需的氨基酸和维生素。该提案的主要目的是研究昆虫与微生物之间的相互作用，以及它们如何在互惠关系中共同起作用。内共生体在物种和生物地理学中的作用在很大程度上尚未探索，它们的多样性和进化在少数模型系统之外众所周知。这项研究将蝉作为研究系统，因为它们的饮食特别不足，并且在全球范围内分散。 DNA数据将用于构建一个过时的进化树，以研究蝉及其共生伙伴如何在世界各地传播并分散到新物种中。这些信息将在一般地了解微生物如何使其宿主受益，尤其是在研究农业重要性的有益和害虫昆虫的研究中有用。蝉及其共生体的生物多样性信息将通过期刊出版物，社会会议和万维网将科学家和公众传播。公民科学项目和生物学实验室练习将被设计和提供。未来的科学家将接受多个实验室的培训，其中包括一名博士后和两名研究生；许多本科参与者将通过网络与国际科学家互动。蝉原发性内共生体已被证明包括与其他昆虫不同的进化示例，例如在各种CICADA谱系中猖ramp的共生基因组重复/谱系分裂，随后是互补的基因丧失和伪元形成。为了了解宿主 - 伴侣联盟的生物地理学和演变，将扩大并将其用作框架。映射到树上的生态和共生体数据将检验有关奇卡达栖息地关联和共生财团成员身份变化的相对时机的假设。这项工作要求：1）次级（兼性）内共生体的获取是否有助于崩溃和或或损失主要（专有）内共生体？或者，2）强制性内共生体的崩溃或损失是否允许入侵继发性内共生体？类似地，3）肠道菌群的变化会影响原发性内共生体（请记住，已知肠道微生物群可以为某些宿主综合必需氨基酸）。最后，4）是与外部环境变化（生物和非生物剂）（例如，具有不同环境条件和宿主植物的新栖息地）相关的共生财团成员资格。改进的高通量基因组测序方法和保守内共生基因的探针将同时扩展核核酸进化树的框架，同时为两个主要的CICADA内共生体生成遗传数据集。使用元基因组测序（用于内共生菌的细菌和脂肪体）和Amplicon测序（用于微生物组研究的肠道含量）对CICADA共生伴侣进行调查，将允许探索微生物和真菌象征生物多样性。我们的假设检验将有助于探索生物多样性创新的环境与进化驱动因素。还将产生有关细菌内共生基因组进化的新信息。

项目成果

Evolution and Geographic Extent of a Surprising Northern Disjunct Population of 13-Year Cicada Brood XXII (Hemiptera: Cicadidae, Magicicada)

13年蝉二十二代的令人惊讶的北方分离种群的进化和地理范围（半翅目：蝉科，Magicicada）

• DOI: 10.1093/ae/tmx066
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: American Entomologist
• 作者: Kritsky, Gene;Troutman, Roy;Mozgai, Dan;Simon, Chris;Chiswell, Stephen M;Kakishima, Satoshi;Sota, Teiji;Yoshimura, Jin;Cooley, John R
• 通讯作者: Cooley, John R

Out of Africa? A dated molecular phylogeny of the cicada tribe Platypleurini Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), with a focus on African genera and the genus Platypleura Amyot & Audinet‐Serville

• DOI: 10.1111/syen.12360
• 发表时间: 2019-10
• 期刊: Systematic Entomology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: B. Price;D. Marshall;N. Barker;C. Simon;M. Villet

Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

• DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.06.002
• 发表时间: 2019-10-01
• 期刊: FUNGAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Boyce, Greg R.;Gluck-Thaler, Emile;Kasson, Matt T.
• 通讯作者: Kasson, Matt T.

Documenting Single-Generation Range Shifts of Periodical Cicada Brood VI (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.)

• DOI: 10.1093/aesa/saab007
• 发表时间: 2021-04-13
• 期刊: ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Cooley, John R.;Marshall, David C.;Simon, Chris
• 通讯作者: Simon, Chris

Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae

• DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2
• 发表时间: 2018-06-22
• 期刊: ZOOTAXA
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Moulds, M. S.