Linking seasonal shifts in the timing of species interactions to the dynamics of temporary pond communities

将物种相互作用时间的季节性变化与临时池塘群落的动态联系起来

基本信息

批准号：
1655626
负责人：
Volker Rudolf
金额：
$ 66.98万
依托单位：
William Marsh Rice University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655626&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Linking seasonal shifts timing species

项目摘要

The life cycle of most species can be view as a seasonal time table. Important events during the life cycle of organisms such as germination, flowering, hatching, and reproduction occurs during specific seasons and time of the year. The timing of these events, which is called phenology, is important because it determines when and at which developmental stage individuals of a species interact with other members of the community. Consequently, interactions among species also follow a seasonal phenology. Species phenologies are not constant but instead vary across years with changes in weather patterns (e.g. changes in temperature or rainfall). Thus, these changes in environmental conditions also lead to changes in the seasonal timing of species interactions. Although shifts in the phenology of species interactions are often observed in natural communities, they are typically neglected when studying the dynamics and structure of natural ecological communities. Yet, species interactions determine the structure and diversity of natural communities and ecosystem processes. Thus, understanding how changes in phenology affect species interactions is critical for our ability to predict the dynamics and functioning of natural communities. This knowledge is also essential to predict how environmental changes might affect ecosystems services. The proposed project will develop a broad, mechanistic framework to identify when and how variation in species phenologies will alter species interactions and their coexistence. The investigator will conduct experiments in freshwater communities and use the results to develop mathematical models. Phenologies of species are clearly changing globally as a result of environmental changes; thus, the results from this research will help anticipate the consequences of these changes. Furthermore, the findings of the study could guide plans to conserve natural and agricultural ecosystems in a changing world. The study will also provide training opportunities for undergraduate, graduate students, and an early career scientist, including individuals from underrepresented groups in the sciences.The project will use an integrative approach that combines a series of experiments in a well-studied pond community and general theoretical model. The experiments serve multiple roles. (i) They will test a new mechanistic framework that predicts how shifts in relative phenologies alter species interactions within a year/season. (ii) This will also determine when and how variation in phenologies per se (not just the mean) will alter species interactions and (iii) identify key functional relationship between species per-capita interaction strength, and how these are modified by density-dependent processes and other species. Finally (iv) the experiment will be used to develop general mathematical models which to determine and predict when and how shifts in mean and variation of species' phenologies affect long-term dynamics of communities and species coexistence in stationary and non-stationary systems.

大多数物种的生命周期可以视为季节性时间表。在一年中的特定季节和时间内发生了生命周期中的重要事件，例如发芽，开花，孵化和繁殖。这些事件的时机（称为物候学）很重要，因为它决定了一个物种的发展阶段个体与社区其他成员的互动。因此，物种之间的相互作用也遵循季节性物候。物种候选不是恒定的，而是随着天气模式的变化（例如温度或降雨的变化）而变化。因此，环境条件上的这些变化也会导致物种相互作用的季节时间变化。尽管在自然社区中经常观察到物种相互作用的物候变化，但在研究自然生态群落的动态和结构时，通常会忽略它们。然而，物种相互作用决定了自然社区和生态系统过程的结构和多样性。因此，了解物候的变化如何影响物种相互作用对于我们预测自然社区动态和功能的能力至关重要。这些知识对于预测环境变化如何影响生态系统服务也至关重要。拟议的项目将开发一个广泛的机械框架，以识别物种现象的何时以及如何改变物种相互作用及其共存。研究者将在淡水社区进行实验，并使用结果来开发数学模型。由于环境变化的结果，物种的候精力在全球范围内明显变化。因此，这项研究的结果将有助于预测这些变化的后果。此外，该研究的结果可以指导计划在不断变化的世界中保护自然和农业生态系统。该研究还将为本科生，研究生和早期职业科学家提供培训机会，包括科学中代表性不足的人群的个人。该项目将使用一种综合方法，将一系列实验结合在一个经过良好研究的池塘社区和一般理论模型中。实验发挥了多种作用。（i）他们将测试一个新的机械框架，该框架可以预测相对物候的变化如何改变一年/季节内的物种相互作用。（ii）这还将确定物候本身的何时以及如何变化（不仅是平均值）会改变物种相互作用，并且（iii）确定物种每卡皮塔相互作用强度之间的关键功能关系，以及如何通过密度依赖性过程和其他物种来修改它们。最后，（iv）该实验将用于开发一般数学模型，以确定和预测物种候位物的平均变化以及如何影响社区和物种在固定和非平稳系统中共存的长期动态。