CAREER: Nonlinear Solid-State Thermal to Electrical Power Generators

职业：非线性固态热能发电机

• 批准号: 1653268
• 负责人: Mona Zebarjadi
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-15 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1653268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Nonlinear; Solid; State; Thermal

Abstract Nontechnical: Solid-state thermal-to-electrical conversion devices such as thermoelectric, thermionic and Nernst power generators are proposed for industrial waste heat recovery and solar-thermal-electrical conversion modules. They provide a clean, noise-free, reliable and green energy solution. Most of these devices are of low efficiency, which limits their applications in the market. They are mostly studied and designed to operate in the linear regime under small temperature differences. Like any other heat engine, the efficiency increases as the temperature difference increases. Therefore, in real applications, it is desired to impose large temperature differences to obtain higher output powers and higher efficiencies. When large temperature differences are applied, electrons are out of equilibrium with lattice and under highly non-equilibrium conditions, responses can be nonlinear. Here, the PI will study the highly non-equilibrium and nonlinear regime numerically using a comprehensive Monte Carlo method for electron transport. The PI will use thermo-reflectance technique to study the device operation experimentally. The experimental and numerical results will be used to design solid-state power generators suitable to work under large temperature differences. The results serve as a step toward wide commercialization of solid-state power generators. The PI will partner with different local programs to arrange for workshops throughout the year, in which the PI will design different hands-on activities and will introduce students to computer programing, thermal imaging, and renewable energies. Technical: In solid-state power generators, it is desired to transport heat from cathode to anode via electrons while restricting heat transport via lattice. Therefore, it is advantageous to have highly non-equilibrium electrons and operate in the nonlinear regime. Most theoretical tools developed so far are valid only in the linear transport regime where the output powers are small. In the linear transport, materials figure of merit, ZT, determines the efficiency. In the nonlinear regime, ZT is not the only relevant parameter and other parameters such as convective heat transfer coefficient, strength of electron-phonon coupling; applied field and geometry of the device play important roles. To study the nonlinear regime, the PI will develop a Monte Carlo code for electron-phonon transport, enabling investigation of charge, spin and heat transport under large applied fields and for different device geometries. The inputs of the code including interfacial transmission will be calculated using first principles. In addition to the capability of this tool, such numerical codes will help developing a fundamental understanding of transport and insights for developing analytical models for device analysis. The full solution of heat transfer problem including convection/radiation will address more practical but equally important aspect of the efficiency optimization problem. Finally, the PI will use thermo-reflectance imaging and thermomagnetic characterization to study nonlinear transport experimentally. These experiments provide a method for validation of the numerical predictions and additional insights to the device operation.

摘要非技术性：固态热电话转换设备，例如热电，热点和Nernst发电机，用于工业废物热恢复和太阳能电动电动转换模块。它们提供干净，无噪音，可靠和绿色能源解决方案。这些设备大多数的效率低，这限制了其在市场上的应用。在小温度差异下，它们主要研究并设计为在线性方案中运行。像任何其他热发动机一样，随着温度差的增加，效率也会提高。因此，在实际应用中，希望施加较大的温度差异以获得更高的输出功率和较高的效率。当应用较大的温度差异时，电子与晶格和高度非平衡条件的平衡不超过，反应可能是非线性的。在这里，PI将使用全面的电子传输蒙特卡洛方法来研究高度非平衡和非线性方案。 PI将使用热反射技术来实验研究设备操作。实验和数值结果将用于设计适合在较大温度差异下工作的固态发电机。结果是朝着固态发电机的广泛商业化的一步。 PI将与不同的本地计划合作，全年安排研讨会，其中PI将设计不同的动手活动，并将向学生介绍计算机编程，热成像和可再生能源。 技术：在固态发电机中，希望通过电子从阴极从阴极传输到阳极，同时通过晶格限制热传输。因此，具有高度非平衡电子并在非线性方案中运行是有利的。到目前为止，大多数理论工具仅在输出功率较小的线性传输方案中有效。在线性运输中，元素ZT的材料形象决定了效率。在非线性方案中，ZT并不是唯一的相关参数和其他参数，例如对流传热系数，电子 - phonon耦合的强度；设备的应用字段和几何形状起着重要作用。为了研究非线性制度，PI将开发用于电子传输的蒙特卡洛代码，并在大型应用领域和不同设备的几何形状下对电荷，自旋和热传输进行研究。包括界面传输在内的代码的输入将使用第一原理计算。除了该工具的能力外，此类数值代码还将有助于对运输和见解的基本理解，以开发用于设备分析的分析模型。包括对流/辐射在内的传热问题的完整解决方案将解决效率优化问题的更实际但同样重要的方面。最后，PI将使用热反射成像和热磁性表征来实验研究非线性传输。这些实验提供了一种验证数值预测和设备操作的其他见解的方法。

项目成果

Thermoelectric properties of semimetals

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.095401
• 发表时间: 2019-09-03
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Markov, Maxime;Rezaei, S. Emad;Zebarjadi, Mona
• 通讯作者: Zebarjadi, Mona

Morphology and seebeck coefficients of electrodeposited Bi2Se3 films grown onto Au(111)/Si substrates

• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137554
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Electrochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: R. Ahmed;Md. Golam Rosul;Yin Xu;M. Zebarjadi;G. Zangari

Active Peltier Coolers Based on Correlated and Magnon-Drag Metals

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.11.054008
• 发表时间: 2019-05-03
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Adams, M. J.;Verosky, M.;Heremans, J. P.
• 通讯作者: Heremans, J. P.

Thermoelectric transport in graphene and 2D layered materials

• DOI: 10.1080/15567265.2018.1520762
• 发表时间: 2019-04-03
• 期刊: NANOSCALE AND MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Markov, Maxime;Zebarjadi, Mona
• 通讯作者: Zebarjadi, Mona

High switching ratio variable-temperature solid-state thermal switch based on thermoelectric effects

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.154
• 发表时间: 2019-05-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Adams, Michael J.;Verosky, Mark;Heremans, Joseph P.
• 通讯作者: Heremans, Joseph P.