INFEWS/T3: Solar-Powered Integrated Greenhouse (SPRING) Systems Using Wavelength Selective Photovoltaics for Complete Solar Utilization

INFEWS/T3：使用波长选择性光伏技术实现太阳能完全利用的太阳能集成温室 (SPRING) 系统

• 批准号: 1639429
• 负责人: Brendan O'Connor
• 金额: $ 299.67万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1639429&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: INFEWS; T3; Solar; Powered; Integrated

0639429O'Connor, Brendan Greenhouse agriculture enables food production across climate regions and seasons but consumes a substantial amount of energy for heating, cooling and supplemental lighting. The ultimate goal of this project is to make greenhouses energy neutral. Recognizing plants only use a narrow range of wavelength from the light spectrum for photosynthesis and growth, the PIs will develop semi-transparent organic solar panels to harvest the solar energy from the under-utilized spectrum that is not required for plant growth; another goal is to breed crop varieties that perform optimally under these conditions. The Solar Powered INtegrated Greenhouse (SPRING) systems can be self-sufficient in energy, while recycling water and fertilizer for environmentally sustainable food production. This project will include a number of K-12 outreach activities, K-12 summer camps that consider both energy and agriculture, and research experiences for high school and community college teachers that will translate research at the intersection of food, energy, and water to their curricular activities.The PIs will develop energy-neutral greenhouses by integrating semitransparent solar power modules for energy production, plant selection and management for food production, and closed-loop greenhouse design for water and nutrient conservation. To achieve the self-sufficient SPRING system, the following interrelated research tasks will be undertaken: (i) synthesize and characterize polymer semiconductors with tuned absorption spectra, (ii) design semitransparent solar modules that incorporate the polymer semiconductors to achieve high power conversion efficiency and tuned optical characteristics, (iii) process large area solar modules for incorporation in growth chamber model systems, (iv) select and evaluate plants under modified spectrum lighting, (v) design the greenhouse structure including thermal balance, photovoltaic integration, and lighting, and (vi) conduct detailed life cycle assessment to estimate the economic and environmental impacts of the SPRING system. In organic solar power development, intellectual merit is found in synthesis of novel organic semiconductor compounds with tuned absorption spectra and high efficiency when integrated into a solar cell. Additionally, advances will be made in semi-transparent solar cell design to achieve tuned transmission and in the development of scalable solar module manufacturing methods. In plant production, new insights into the genetic basis for adaptation and responses to modified light spectra and nutritional characteristics of vegetable produce will be developed along with new insight into water and nitrate/phosphate use efficiencies in recycled hydroponic systems. At the SPRING system level, key elements are design of the combined system for optimal plant growth, renewable power generation, and thermal load balance assessment and design. New tools will be developed that are able to perform the multivariate optimization of the systems for various climates, food production schemes, and greenhouse structures. If successful, this project will significantly advance controlled environment agriculture, providing the means to significantly increase food productivity, while reducing water consumption, lowering fossil fuel consumption, and providing increased food and water security with lower environmental impact.

0639429O'Connor, Brendan 温室农业可以实现跨气候区域和季节的粮食生产，但会消耗大量能源用于供暖、制冷和补充照明。该项目的最终目标是实现温室能源中和。认识到植物仅使用光谱中的窄范围波长进行光合作用和生长，PI 将开发半透明有机太阳能电池板，从未充分利用的光谱中收集植物生长不需要的太阳能；另一个目标是培育在这些条件下表现最佳的作物品种。太阳能综合温室（SPRING）系统可以实现能源自给自足，同时回收水和肥料，用于环境可持续的粮食生产。该项目将包括一系列 K-12 外展活动、同时考虑能源和农业的 K-12 夏令营以及高中和社区大学教师的研究经验，这些经验将把食品、能源和水的交叉研究转化为他们的课程活动。PI 将通过集成用于能源生产的半透明太阳能模块、用于粮食生产的植物选择和管理以及用于保护水和养分的闭环温室设计来开发能源中性温室。为了实现自给自足的SPRING系统，将开展以下相互关联的研究任务：（i）合成和表征具有调谐吸收光谱的聚合物半导体，（ii）设计包含聚合物半导体的半透明太阳能模块以实现高功率转换效率和调整光学特性，(iii) 处理大面积太阳能模块以纳入生长室模型系统，(iv) 在修改光谱照明下选择和评估植物，(v) 设计温室结构，包括热平衡、光伏集成和照明，以及(vi) 进行详细的生命周期评估，以估计 SPRING 系统的经济和环境影响。在有机太阳能开发中，新型有机半导体化合物的合成具有可调整的吸收光谱和集成到太阳能电池中时的高效率，具有智力价值。此外，半透明太阳能电池设计将取得进展，以实现调谐传输，并开发可扩展的太阳能模块制造方法。在植物生产中，将开发对适应和响应修改的光谱和蔬菜产品营养特性的遗传基础的新见解，以及对循环水培系统中水和硝酸盐/磷酸盐利用效率的新见解。在SPRING系统层面，关键要素是优化植物生长、可再生能源发电以及热负荷平衡评估和设计的组合系统设计。将开发新的工具，能够针对各种气候、粮食生产方案和温室结构对系统进行多变量优化。如果成功，该项目将显着推进受控环境农业，提供显着提高粮食生产率的手段，同时减少水消耗、化石燃料消耗，并提高粮食和水安全，同时降低对环境的影响。

项目成果

The Importance of Entanglements in Optimizing the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells

缠结在优化全聚合物太阳能电池机械和电气性能中的重要性

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01011
• 发表时间: 2019-06-27
• 期刊: Chemistry of Materials
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Nrup Balar;J. Rech;Reece Henry;L. Ye;H. Ade;W. You;B. O’Connor
• 通讯作者: B. O’Connor

Competition between Exceptionally Long‐Range Alkyl Sidechain Ordering and Backbone Ordering in Semiconducting Polymers and Its Impact on Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties

半导体聚合物中超长程烷基侧链有序与主链有序之间的竞争及其对电子和光电性能的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806977
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Advanced Functional Materials
• 影响因子: 19
• 作者: Carpenter, Joshua H.;Ghasemi, Masoud;Gann, Eliot;Angunawela, Indunil;Stuard, Samuel J.;Rech, Jeromy James;Ritchie, Earl;O'Connor, Brendan T.;Atkin, Joanna;You, Wei;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

The crucial role of end group planarity for fused-ring electron acceptors in organic solar cells

有机太阳能电池中稠环电子受体端基平面度的关键作用

• DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00314b
• 发表时间: 2019-07-25
• 期刊: Materials Chemistry Frontiers
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: J. Rech;N. Bauer;David Dirkes;J. Kaplan;Zhengxing Peng;Huotian Zhang;L. Ye;Shubin Liu;F. Gao
• 通讯作者: F. Gao

Panchromatic All‐Polymer Photodetector with Tunable Polarization Sensitivity

具有可调偏振灵敏度的全色聚合物光电探测器

• DOI: 10.1002/adom.201801346
• 发表时间: 2018-12-10
• 期刊: Advanced Optical Materials
• 影响因子: 9
• 作者: P. Sen;Ruonan Yang;J. Rech;Yuanxiang Feng;Carr Hoi Yi Ho;Jinsong Huang;F. So;R. J. Kline;W. You
• 通讯作者: W. You

A molecular interaction–diffusion framework for predicting organic solar cell stability

用于预测有机太阳能电池稳定性的分子相互作用扩散框架

• DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00872-6
• 发表时间: 2021-01-11
• 期刊: Nature Materials
• 影响因子: 41.2
• 作者: Masoud Ghasemi;Nrup Balar;Zhengxing Peng;Huawei Hu;Yunpeng Qin;Taesoo Kim;J. Rech;Matthew Bidwell;Walker Mask;I. McCulloch;W. You;A. Amassian;C. Risko;B. O’Connor;H. Ade
• 通讯作者: H. Ade