Collaborative Research: Viral Reefscapes: The Role of Viruses in Coral Reef Health, Disease, and Biogeochemical Cycling

合作研究：病毒礁景观：病毒在珊瑚礁健康、疾病和生物地球化学循环中的作用

• 批准号: 1635798
• 负责人: Adrienne Simoes Correa
• 金额: $ 35.51万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635798&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Viral; Reefscapes; Role

Ecologically and economically, coral reefs are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. These habitats are estimated to harbor up to nine million species, contribute ~30 billion US dollars annually to the global economy, and are tropical epicenters of biogeochemical cycling. Global (climate change) and local (nutrient pollution and overfishing) stressors are drivers of coral reef decline that can disrupt the symbiotic associations among corals and resident microbial communities, including dinoflagellate algae, bacteria, and viruses. Viruses interact with all living cellular organisms, are abundant in oceans, and integral to marine ecosystem functioning. This project will be the first to quantify the variability of viral infection in corals across different reef habitats and across time. This will increase our understanding of the total diversity of coral viruses and illuminate the full suite of factors that trigger viral outbreaks on reefs. At the same time the project will evaluate how carbon and nitrogen cycling are altered on coral reefs as a result of global and local stressors that trigger viral infection. This project will ultimately broaden our understanding of the impacts of viruses on reefs beyond their role as putative disease agents. Results of the project will be communicated broadly in scientific arenas, in K-12, undergraduate, and graduate education and training programs, and to the general public through video and multimedia productions, as well as outreach events. 2-D Reef Replicas from our field sites across Moorea will be constructed, allowing children and adults in the US and French Polynesia to 'become' marine scientists and use quadrats, transect tapes, and identification guides to quantify metrics of reef change. Three graduate students will be involved in all aspects of the research and an effort will be made to recruit and support minority students. All datasets will be made freely available to the public and newly developed methods from this project will serve as an important set of springboard tools and baselines for future lines of inquiry into the processes that influence reef health. Coral reefs, found in nutrient-poor shallow waters, are biodiversity and productivity hotspots that provide substantial ecological and societal benefits. Corals energetically subsidize these oligotrophic ecosystems by releasing significant amounts of mucus (an organic carbon and nitrogen-rich matrix) into the surrounding seawater. Viral production in reef waters can be a significant portion of total reef carbon cycling, accounting for ~10% of gross benthic carbon fixation in reef ecosystems. Viruses are also ~10 times more abundant on coral surfaces than in the water column meaning that viral infection experienced by corals during stress likely results is an increase in carbon and perhaps nitrogen flux to the water column. Thus phages and eukaryotic viruses may be responsible for shifting reef health and function directly via coral and symbiont infection and by altering biogeochemical cycling in host colonies and the adjacent reef system. The main goal of this project is to experimentally interrogate and then model the links among viral infections, declines in coral and reef health, and associated shifts in biogeochemical cycling in reef ecosystems. Lab and field experiments will be conducted at the Moorea Coral Reef LTER to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of viruses within two dominant reef-building coral species that differ in their susceptibility to abiotic stress. A novel viral infection and induction approach will be coupled with stable isotopic pulse-chase experiments to quantify and track carbon and nitrogen flux out of coral holobionts (host and microbial symbionts) and into dissolved and particulate pools. In these experiments, virus, bacteria, and symbiont abundance, diversity, and function will be measured simultaneously with the health and activity of the host. Pulse-chase techniques, as well as flux- and niche-based modeling, will result in a holistic understanding of how corals and associated viruses impact reef energy budgets and the ramifications of carbon and nitrogen flux for reef communities. Ultimately, this project will quantify and describe an integrated mechanism by which environmental stressors alter viral, microbial, and coral diversity and, consequently, ecosystem function.

从生态和经济角度来看，珊瑚礁是地球上最有价值的生态系统之一。据估计，这些栖息地栖息着多达 900 万个物种，每年为全球经济贡献约 300 亿美元，并且是生物地球化学循环的热带中心。全球（气候变化）和当地（营养物污染和过度捕捞）压力因素是珊瑚礁衰退的驱动因素，可能破坏珊瑚和常驻微生物群落（包括甲藻、细菌和病毒）之间的共生关系。病毒与所有活细胞生物相互作用，在海洋中大量存在，并且是海洋生态系统功能不可或缺的一部分。该项目将是第一个量化不同珊瑚礁栖息地和不同时间的珊瑚病毒感染变异性的项目。这将增加我们对珊瑚病毒总体多样性的了解，并阐明引发珊瑚礁病毒爆发的全套因素。与此同时，该项目将评估触发病毒感染的全球和局部压力源如何改变珊瑚礁上的碳和氮循环。该项目最终将扩大我们对病毒对珊瑚礁影响的理解，超越其作为假定疾病媒介的作用。该项目的成果将在科学领域、K-12、本科生和研究生教育和培训项目中广泛传播，并通过视频和多媒体制作以及外展活动向公众传播。我们将在莫雷阿岛的现场建造二维珊瑚礁复制品，让美国和法属波利尼西亚的儿童和成人“成为”海洋科学家，并使用样方、横带和识别指南来量化珊瑚礁变化的指标。三名研究生将参与研究的各个方面，并将努力招募和支持少数民族学生。所有数据集将免费向公众开放，该项目新开发的方法将作为未来调查影响珊瑚礁健康过程的重要跳板工具和基线。珊瑚礁存在于营养贫乏的浅水区，是生物多样性和生产力的热点，可带来巨大的生态和社会效益。珊瑚通过向周围海水释放大量粘液（富含有机碳和氮的基质）来大力补贴这些寡营养生态系统。珊瑚礁水域中的病毒产生可能是珊瑚礁总碳循环的重要组成部分，约占珊瑚礁生态系统底栖碳固定总量的 10%。珊瑚表面的病毒数量比水柱中的病毒数量多约 10 倍，这意味着珊瑚在压力下经历的病毒感染可能会导致流向水柱的碳和氮通量增加。因此，噬菌体和真核病毒可能通过珊瑚和共生体感染直接改变珊瑚礁的健康和功能，并改变宿主群落和邻近珊瑚礁系统的生物地球化学循环。该项目的主要目标是通过实验探究病毒感染、珊瑚和礁石健康状况下降以及珊瑚礁生态系统中生物地球化学循环的相关变化之间的联系，然后对其进行建模。实验室和现场实验将在莫雷阿珊瑚礁 LTER 进行，以表征两种主要造礁珊瑚物种内病毒的时空动态，这两种珊瑚物种对非生物胁迫的敏感性不同。一种新颖的病毒感染和诱导方法将与稳定同位素脉冲追踪实验相结合，以量化和跟踪从珊瑚全生物（宿主和微生物共生体）流出并进入溶解和颗粒池的碳和氮通量。在这些实验中，病毒、细菌和共生体的丰度、多样性和功能将与宿主的健康和活动同时测量。脉冲追踪技术以及基于通量和生态位的建模将有助于全面了解珊瑚和相关病毒如何影响珊瑚礁能量预算以及珊瑚礁群落的碳和氮通量的影响。最终，该项目将量化和描述环境压力因素改变病毒、微生物和珊瑚多样性的综合机制，从而改变生态系统功能。

项目成果

Revisiting the rules of life for viruses of microorganisms

重新审视微生物病毒的生命规则

• DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00530-x
• 发表时间: 2021-03-24
• 期刊: Nature Reviews Microbiology
• 影响因子: 88.1
• 作者: A. Correa;Cristina Howard;Samantha R. Coy;A. Buchan;M. Sullivan;J. Weitz
• 通讯作者: J. Weitz

Nitrate enrichment has lineage specific effects on Pocillopora acuta adults, but no transgenerational effects in planulae

硝酸盐富集对尖球菌 (Pocillopora acuta) 成虫具有谱系特异性影响，但对浮浪藻没有跨代影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s00338-022-02236-9
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Coral Reefs
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Strader, Marie E.;Howe;Sims, Jordan A.;Speare, Kelly E.;Shore, Amanda N.;Burkepile, Deron E.;Correa, Adrienne M.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M.

Thermal stress triggers productive viral infection of a key coral reef symbiont

热应激引发关键珊瑚礁共生体的高效病毒感染

• DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01194-y
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: The ISME Journal
• 作者: Grupstra, Carsten G. B.;Howe;Veglia, Alex J.;Bryant, Reb L.;Coy, Samantha R.;Blackwelder, Patricia L.;Correa, Adrienne M. S.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M. S.

Coral Bleaching Phenotypes Associated With Differential Abundances of Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses

与核胞质大 DNA 病毒丰度差异相关的珊瑚白化表型

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.555474
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Messyasz, Adriana;Rosales, Stephanie M.;Mueller, Ryan S.;Sawyer, Teresa;Correa, Adrienne M.;Thurber, Andrew R.;Vega Thurber, Rebecca
• 通讯作者: Vega Thurber, Rebecca

Virus–host interactions and their roles in coral reef health and disease

病毒与宿主的相互作用及其在珊瑚礁健康和疾病中的作用

• DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.176
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Nature Reviews Microbiology
• 影响因子: 88.1
• 作者: Thurber, Rebecca Vega;Payet, Jérôme P.;Thurber, Andrew R.;Correa, Adrienne M.
• 通讯作者: Correa, Adrienne M.