INSPIRE: Search for Records of the Hadean Dynamo from Detrital Zircons

INSPIRE：从碎屑锆石中寻找冥宙发电机的记录

• 批准号: 1647504
• 负责人: Benjamin Weiss
• 金额: $ 84.86万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647504&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: INSPIRE; Search; Records; Hadean; Dynamo

This is an INSPIRE award, which is being co-funded by programs in the Geoscience Directorate (Geophysics Program, Petrology and Geochemistry Program) and Math and Physical Sciences Directorate (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Experimental Physics), as well as co-funding from OIA-INSPIRE and OISE. The Earth's magnetic field is generated by fluid motions in the metallic core, a process known as the geodynamo. The time of origin and intensity of the geodynamo during the first ~1 billion years of Earth history are essentially unknown. The geodynamo's early history has major implications for the thermal evolution of the planet, the physics of magnetic field generation, and the habitability of the early Earth. The only minerals of which we are aware that might record the field during this earliest epoch are zircon (ZrSiO4) crystals found in sedimentary rocks in Western Australia. Ranging up to 4.38 billion years in age, they are the oldest known terrestrial minerals. Here the investigating team has developed a project to measure the magnetization of these crystals, supported by the Integrated NSF Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education (INSPIRE) program, that could finally determine the geodynamo's time of origin and earliest evolution. This project is an international collaboration between geophysicists, geochemists, geologists, and physicists from seven institutions and includes leaders in ultrahigh sensitivity magnetometry, quantum science, radiometric dating, field geology, mineralogy, and stable isotope geochemistry. It supports the development of next-generation magnetometry techniques for the analysis of extremely weakly magnetic materials and geochemical techniques for determining the alteration histories of samples from the early Earth. It also funds the training of graduate students at three universities, who will participate in the international field work to collect samples, as well as in the interdisciplinary science.The central challenge of this project is to determine the time of origin of the zircons' magnetization. Prior paleomagnetic, geochemical and mineralogical analyses have shown that the host rocks and many zircons have been pervasively remagnetized well after they formed. This team proposes to determine the thermal and alteration histories and study the remanent magnetization of numerous zircons older than 4 billion years from Western Australia. To achieve this, they will characterize the geology and stratigraphy of the zircon host rocks and determine zircon ages using U-Pb geochronometry. They will analyze the extremely weak magnetizations of the zircons using two new ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetometry techniques: superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy (SM) and quantum diamond magnetometry (QDM)]. Finally, a variety of microanalytical techniques will be employed to establish which grains have primary ferromagnetic inclusions. So that others can independently test these results, the team will create an open archive of their key measurements and samples accessible by other researchers and make time available on their magnetometers to qualified researchers.

这是一个Inspire奖，该奖项由地球科学局（地球物理学计划，质学和地球化学计划）和数学与物理科学局（Atomic，Molecular和Optical实验物理学）以及来自OIA-Insimpire和Oise的共同资金而共同资助。地球的磁场是由金属芯中的流体运动产生的，金属芯是Geodynamo的过程。地球历史的最初约十亿年，地球人的起源和强度的时间和强度本质上是未知的。 Geodynamo的早期历史对地球的热演化，磁场产生物理和早期地球的可居住性具有重要意义。我们知道在最早的时代可能记录该领域的唯一矿物是锆石（ZRSIO4）晶体，在西澳大利亚州的沉积岩中发现。它们的年龄高达43.8亿年，是最古老的陆地矿物质。在这里，调查团队开发了一个项目，以衡量这些晶体的磁化，并得到NSF综合支持促进跨学科研究和教育计划（INSPIRE）计划的支持，该计划最终可以决定Geodynamo的原产地和最早的进化。该项目是来自七个机构的地球物理学家，地球化学家，地质学家和物理学家之间的国际合作，其中包括超高灵敏度磁力学，量子科学，放射测定，田野地球，矿物质学和稳定的同位素地球化学的领导者。它支持下一代磁力测定技术的开发，用于分析极度弱的磁性材料和地球化学技术，以确定早期地球样品的变化历史。它还为三所大学的研究生培训，他们将参加国际野外工作以收集样本以及跨学科科学。该项目的核心挑战是确定锆石磁化的起源时间。先前的古磁性，地球化学和矿物学分析表明，形成后，宿主岩石和许多锆石在它们形成后普遍性地进行了良好的重复。该团队建议确定热量和变化历史，并研究西澳大利亚州超过40亿年的众多锆石的雷神磁化。为了实现这一目标，它们将表征锆石宿主岩石的地质和地层，并使用U-PB地球体学确定锆石年龄。他们将使用两种新的超高敏感磁力测定技术分析锆石的极弱磁化：超导量子干扰装置（SQUID）显微镜（SM）和量子钻石磁力测定法（QDM）]。最后，将采用多种微分析技术来确定哪些晶粒具有主要的铁磁夹杂物。因此，其他人可以独立测试这些结果，该团队将创建一个开放的档案，对其主要测量值和其他研究人员可以访问的样品进行开放档案，并为合格的研究人员提供时间仪上的时间。

项目成果

Imaging crystal stress in diamond using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.174103
• 发表时间: 2019-11-11
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW B
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Kehayias, P.;Turner, M. J.;Walsworth, R. L.
• 通讯作者: Walsworth, R. L.

Evaluating the paleomagnetic potential of single zircon crystals using the Bishop Tuff

使用 Bishop Tuff 评估单锆石晶体的古地磁潜力

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.038
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Fu, Roger R.;Weiss, Benjamin P.;Lima, Eduardo A.;Kehayias, Pauli;Araujo, Jefferson F.D.F.;Glenn, David R.;Gelb, Jeff;Einsle, Joshua F.;Bauer, Ann M.;Harrison, Richard J.
• 通讯作者: Harrison, Richard J.

Reply to Comment on “Pervasive remagnetization of detrital zircon host rocks in the Jack Hills, Western Australia and implications for records of the early dynamo”

回复评论“西澳大利亚杰克山碎屑锆石主岩的普遍再磁化及其对早期发电机记录的影响”

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.001
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Weiss, Benjamin P.;Maloof, Adam C.;Harrison, T. Mark;Swanson-Hysell, Nicholas L.;Fu, Roger R.;Kirschvink, Joseph L.;Bruce Watson, E.;Coe, Robert S.;Tikoo, Sonia M.;Ramezani, Jahandar
• 通讯作者: Ramezani, Jahandar

Ultra-high sensitivity moment magnetometry of geological samples using magnetic microscopy: ULTRA-SENSITIVE MOMENT MAGNETOMETRY

使用磁显微镜对地质样品进行超高灵敏度矩磁测量：ULTRA-SENSITIVE MOMENT MAGNETOMETRY

• DOI: 10.1002/2016gc006487
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Geosystems
• 作者: Lima, Eduardo A.;Weiss, Benjamin P.
• 通讯作者: Weiss, Benjamin P.

Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry

• DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.92.015004
• 发表时间: 2020-03-31
• 期刊: REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 44.1
• 作者: Barry, John F.;Schloss, Jennifer M.;Walsworth, Ronald L.
• 通讯作者: Walsworth, Ronald L.