Processes and mechanisms driving virus prevalence, evolutionary potential and emergence from wildlife reservoirs: integrating host and viral traits in a multi-taxa approach across landscapes

驱动病毒流行、进化潜力和野生动物宿主出现的过程和机制：在跨景观的多分类方法中整合宿主和病毒特征

• 批准号: 226351195
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Christian Drosten
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Evolutionsökologie und Naturschutzgenomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/226351195?language=en
• 关键词: Processes; mechanisms; driving; virus; prevalence

Despite considerable research efforts during recent years, still very little is known about fundamental ecological mechanisms driving virus prevalence, evolutionary potential and emergence from wildlife reservoirs in general. Holistic approaches integrating host and viral traits are required to understand the dynamics and drivers of virus infections. This collaborative, multi-taxa project investigates the impact of anthropogenic habitat disturbance on host community composition, abundance pattern and immune genetic constitution of generalist species and relates the obtained data to local virus prevalence. Our aim is to identify ecological, behavioral and genetic constraints associated with virus evolution under the hypothesis of the dilution effect. We are focusing on three major viral vertebrate host taxa - bats, rodents and marsupials -, as well as on putatively blood-feeding mosquito vectors. Whereas our focus in the first funding period was on taking baseline data and parameter correlations, we will shift in the second period to ecological validation, ecological modeling and network analyses of host-virus systems in order to investigate the development and dynamics of virus mutation hotspots in disturbed landscapes. The central task will be to understand the processes and mechanisms that determine how biodiversity loss and shifts in species abundance of resilient, less sensitive species modulate virus ecology and lead to an increased prevalence and diversification of emerging pathogens within native animal communities.

尽管近年来进行了大量的研究工作，但对于驱动病毒流行，进化潜力和野生动植物储层的出现的基本生态机制仍然很少了解。需要整合宿主和病毒性状的整体方法来了解病毒感染的动态和驱动因素。这个合作的多核心项目研究了人为栖息地障碍对通才物种的宿主社区组成，丰度模式和免疫遗传构成的影响，并将所获得的数据与局部病毒患病率联系起来。我们的目的是在稀释作用的假设下确定与病毒进化相关的生态，行为和遗传约束。我们专注于三个主要的病毒脊椎动物宿主分类群 - 蝙蝠，啮齿动物和有袋动物，以及推定的喂食蚊子载体。尽管我们在第一个资金期间的重点是获取基线数据和参数相关性，但我们将在第二个阶段转移到宿主病毒系统的生态验证，生态建模和网络分析，以研究病毒突变热点的发展和动态在干扰的景观中。核心任务是了解决定生物多样性丧失和弹性，敏感性较低的物种的物种丰度的过程和机制如何调节病毒生态学，并导致本地动物社区中新兴病原体的患病率增加和多样化。