RAPID: Chemical treatment efficiency of point-of-use filters deployed in Flint, Michigan

RAPID：密歇根州弗林特部署的使用点过滤器的化学处理效率

• 批准号: 1633013
• 负责人: Shawn McElmurry
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Wayne State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1633013&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Chemical; treatment; efficiency; point

1633013McElmurryChanges in the source and treatment of Flint's drinking water have resulted in extensive corrosion and numerous violations to the Safe Drinking Water Act through elevated lead concentrations. As a measure of protection to consumers, faucet-mounted point-of-use filters are being deployed across the city at a scale not previously seen in the United States. The point-of-use filters distributed in Flint are rated for a maximum lead concentration of 150 ppb; however, concentrations of more than 40 times that were observed in January 2016. Therefore, there is an immediate need to rapidly evaluate the treatment efficiency of PoU filters. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) grant provides a unique opportunity to advance fundamental scientific knowledge regarding physical-chemical process responsible for lead and DBP removal while simultaneously ensuring public health. Controlled laboratory experiments will be conducted to determine treatment efficiency under the range of conditions observed in Flint. These results will be compared to those obtained from filters in homes where filters are subjected to typical use conditions that often deviate significantly from conditions used to certify chemical removal efficiency.Studies will be conducted to evaluate two hypotheses: (1) lead and copper removal by the ion exchange resin will be reduced by competition from other cations and dissolved organic matter present in Flint drinking water, and, (2) adsorption of trihalomethanes on the activated carbon filtration media will decrease with increasing disinfectant dosage. This work will advance the understanding of the removal of lead, copper and disinfection by-products under real world conditions where complex interactions with colloids and dissolved organic matter occur. The work will utilize controlled laboratory experiments, conducted in state-of-the-art facilities at two major research universities (Wayne State University and Michigan State University) with a strong commitment to collaborative and innovative research. The proposed study will help protect human health and improve the security of municipal water supplies. Laboratory experiments and field sampling will be done in collaboration with Michigan State University and University of Michigan, focused on microbial conditions within point-of-use filters. Results of this study will be disseminated with the assistance of another faculty at Wayne State University, whose research focuses on translating scientific information to the public. Graduate and undergraduate students from groups underrepresented in science and engineering will conduct experiments and collect field samples providing hands on training in the areas of water treatment, colloid chemistry, and disinfection processes. Skills these students obtain will be invaluable in advancing the protection of the nation's water supply. Additionally, the project team will develop and provide lectures and special programs on issues related to aging infrastructure and corrosion control that will be presented at regional meetings of the American Water Works Association.

1633013在弗林特饮用水的来源和治疗中，McElmurrychanges通过较高的铅浓度导致了广泛的腐蚀和对安全饮用水的侵犯。作为对消费者的保护量的衡量标准，在美国以前在美国看不到的规模上，正在整个城市部署水龙头安装点的过滤器。分布在Flint中的使用点过滤器的最大铅浓度为150 ppb；但是，2016年1月观察到的浓度超过40倍。因此，有必要快速评估POU过滤器的治疗效率。这项快速响应研究（快速）提供了一个独特的机会，可以促进有关负责铅和DBP去除的物理化学过程的基本科学知识，同时确保公共卫生。将进行受控实验室实验，以确定在Flint中观察到的条件范围内的治疗效率。 These results will be compared to those obtained from filters in homes where filters are subjected to typical use conditions that often deviate significantly from conditions used to certify chemical removal efficiency.Studies will be conducted to evaluate two hypotheses: (1) lead and copper removal by the ion exchange resin will be reduced by competition from other cations and dissolved organic matter present in Flint drinking water, and, (2) adsorption of trihalomethanes on活化的碳过滤培养基将随着消毒剂剂量的增加而降低。这项工作将在现实世界条件下与胶体和溶解有机物的复杂相互作用的现实情况下的去除，铜和消毒副产品的去除。这项工作将利用受控的实验室实验，这些实验在两所主要研究大学（韦恩州立大学和密歇根州立大学）的最先进的设施中进行，并致力于合作和创新研究。拟议的研究将有助于保护人类健康并改善市政供水的安全。实验室实验和现场抽样将与密歇根州立大学和密歇根大学合作进行，重点是使用点过滤器内的微生物条件。这项研究的结果将在韦恩州立大学的另一位教职员工的协助下传播，韦恩州立大学的研究重点是将科学信息转化为公众。来自科学和工程领域人数不足的小组的研究生和本科生将进行实验，并收集在水处理，胶体化学和消毒过程的领域提供培训的现场样本。这些学生获得的技能对于推进国家供水的保护将是无价的。此外，项目团队将开发并提供有关与老化基础设施和腐蚀控制有关的问题的讲座和特殊计划，这些问题将在美国水厂协会的区域会议上介绍。