The Effect of Mobility and Transport on Labor Market Outcomes

流动性和交通对劳动力市场结果的影响

• 批准号: 1629317
• 负责人: Erica Field
• 金额: $ 33.59万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1629317&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effect; Mobility; Transport; Labor; Market

This research will provide a credible estimate of the impact of transport to work for men and women on both the supply and demand side of the labor market at the level of individuals and firms. Results from the study will shed light on barriers to firm performance in many parts of the world where female workers face mobility restrictions due to cultural or religious norms. Understanding such barriers is increasingly important as countries become more economically integrated and multinational firms take advantage of increasing openness in trade. In particular, there are significant possibilities for US and other foreign investors in countries such as Pakistan that have taken important steps to liberalize trade and investment regimes in recent years; however, realizing these opportunities will require sound policies to better develop human resources such as female access to education and jobs. Unless they are well understood and policy solutions identified, culturally-driven barriers such as those facing female workers have the potential to dampen investor interest and economic growth in such settings.This study tests whether affordable, safe transport services can improve women's access to opportunities in the workplace in Lahore, Pakistan. The proposed project builds on an existing Randomized Control Trial (RCT), which tests the overall impact of women's-only transport on women's mobility and labor force participation. Some areas have started to implement public transport interventions targeted at women, but the impact of such initiatives on economic outcomes has not yet been rigorously evaluated, in part due to the difficulty of identifying an appropriate comparison group or counterfactual. In this study, the researchers will randomly allocate residential and employment areas in the city into three groups: T1, which will have access to a women's-only transport service; T2, a mixed-gender transport service; and a control group. This allows the study to test the impact of transport on women's access to jobs; men's access to jobs; and to test whether women benefit more from a women's-only service. The NSF component of the project allows for surveys of employers in these areas at baseline and endline, allowing the researchers to test the impact of randomly allocated transport on employers. The firm survey component will substantially enhance the research outcomes and the public policy applicability of the findings from the project by shedding light on how firms are affected by random variation in transport for their employees. It will allow the researchers to analyze whether any change in labor supply represents a simple shift between treatment and control groups of women in the same jobs, or if firms are actually able to hire and retain more women as a result of the treatment.

这项研究将对男女在个人和公司水平上对劳动力市场的供求方面的运输影响提供可靠的估计。这项研究的结果将阐明世界上许多地方的牢固表现的障碍，在这些地区，由于文化或宗教规范，女工面临流动性限制。随着国家在经济上变得更加经济融合和跨国公司的开放性，了解这种障碍变得越来越重要。特别是，在巴基斯坦等国家，我们和其他外国投资者很可能采取了重要的步骤，以便在近年来开放贸易和投资制度；但是，意识到这些机会将需要合理的政策，以更好地发展人力资源，例如女性获得教育和就业机会。除非他们有充分的理解和确定的政策解决方案，否则以文化驱动的障碍（例如面对女性工人面对的障碍）有可能在此类环境中抑制投资者的兴趣和经济增长。这项研究测试是否可以改善妇女在巴基斯坦拉合尔的工作场所获得机会的机会。拟议的项目建立在现有的随机控制试验（RCT）的基础上，该试验测试了妇女运输对妇女流动性和劳动力参与的总体影响。一些领域已经开始实施针对妇女的公共交通干预措施，但是此类举措对经济成果的影响尚未经过严格评估，部分原因是很难确定适当的比较组或反事实。 在这项研究中，研究人员将随机将城市的住宅和就业区分为三组：T1，T1可以使用妇女的运输服务； T2，一种混合​​性别运输服务；和对照组。 这使得研究能够测试运输对妇女获得工作机会的影响；男士的工作机会；并测试女性是否从妇女的服务中受益更多。 该项目的NSF组成部分允许在基线和端线对雇主进行调查，从而使研究人员能够测试随机分配的运输对雇主的影响。 公司调查部分将通过阐明公司如何受到员工的运输随机变化的影响，从而大大提高项目的研究成果和公共政策的适用性。 它将使研究人员能够分析劳动力供应的任何变化是否代表了同一工作中的妇女治疗组和对照组之间的简单转变，或者公司是否实际上能够雇用和保留更多的妇女。