Collaborative Proposal: Comets and the History of Volatile Matter During Planetary System Formation

合作提案：彗星和行星系统形成过程中挥发性物质的历史

• 批准号: 1616306
• 负责人: Boncho Bonev
• 金额: $ 9.78万
• 依托单位: American University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1616306&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Comets; History; Volatile

Comets are early Solar System objects, mostly unchanged from the time the Solar System was created. The orbits of comets trace them to the locations in the outer Solar System where they formed. The compositions of molecules released from a comet can be measured by looking at their spectral signals. Combining these compositions with the comet orbits allows scientists to learn what materials were present at different locations in the early Solar System. The investigators will measure the amounts of many molecules in comet spectra, including H2O, HDO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, H2S, SO2, OCS, CO, H2CO, CH3OH, HCOOH, HCN, HNC, CH3CN, HC3N, NH2CHO, and NH3. They will use ground-based observatories such as the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The years of 2017-2019 provide an excellent opportunity to study Jupiter Family Comets - comets with smaller orbits for which little is known about their compositions. This research serves the national interest by advancing our knowledge of the materials that served as the building blocks of our Solar System. Shows at the Watson-King Planetarium, Towson University, and the University of Missouri, Saint Louis' new planetarium will feature this research. Students from St. Louis and Baltimore, including many minority students, will have the chance to see them. The Principal Investigators will use high-resolution molecular spectroscopy of comets to measure the compositions of volatiles released from their nuclei, and to test theories about the early formation of the Solar System. While the orbits of observed comets link them to their dynamical reservoir (the distant Oort cloud or closer Kuiper belt), the suite of detected molecules for an individual comet provides a "snapshot" of the volatile inventory at their location in the protoplanetary disk where these comets formed. The investigators will use ground-based near-infrared and radio observatories, including the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. By combining the advantages of each wavelength domain, the investigators' goal is to measure the relative abundances among various molecular species, including H2O, HDO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, H2S, SO2, OCS, CO, H2CO, CH3OH, HCOOH, HCN, HNC, CH3CN, HC3N, NH2CHO, and NH3. New observations are planned of Jupiter Family comets and Oort cloud comets. The 2017-2019 period brings the best opportunity for many years to study Jupiter Family comets - a dynamical class underrepresented in compositional studies of all parent volatiles. These studies will be integrated into a planetarium program that will be hosted at the Watson-King Planetarium, Towson University, and at the University of Missouri, Saint Louis' new digital planetarium, reaching St. Louis and Baltimore students, including many underrepresented minorities. One investigator will also mentor graduate and undergraduate students.

彗星是早期太阳系天体，自太阳系创建以来大部分没有变化。彗星的轨道追踪它们到它们形成的外太阳系位置。彗星释放的分子成分可以通过观察它们的光谱信号来测量。将这些成分与彗星轨道相结合，科学家们可以了解早期太阳系不同位置存在哪些物质。研究人员将测量彗星光谱中许多分子的含量，包括H2O、HDO、CH4、C2H2、C2H6、H2S、SO2、OCS、CO、H2CO、CH3OH、HCOOH、HCN、HNC、CH3CN、HC3N、NH2CHO和NH3 。他们将使用地面观测站，例如 NASA 红外望远镜设施、W. M. Keck 天文台和阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列。 2017-2019 年提供了研究木星家族彗星的绝佳机会，木星家族彗星是轨道较小的彗星，对其成分知之甚少。这项研究通过增进我们对构成太阳系的材料的了解来服务于国家利益。沃森金天文馆、陶森大学和密苏里大学圣路易斯分校的新天文馆将展示这项研究。来自圣路易斯和巴尔的摩的学生，包括许多少数民族学生，将有机会看到他们。 首席研究员将使用彗星的高分辨率分子光谱来测量彗星核释放的挥发物的成分，并测试有关太阳系早期形成的理论。虽然观测到的彗星的轨道将它们与它们的动力库（遥远的奥尔特云或更近的柯伊伯带）联系起来，但单个彗星的一组检测到的分子提供了原行星盘中其所在位置的挥发性库存的“快照”，这些分子位于原行星盘中。彗星形成。研究人员将使用地面近红外和射电天文台，包括 NASA 红外望远镜设施、W. M. Keck 天文台和阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列。通过结合每个波长域的优点，研究人员的目标是测量各种分子种类之间的相对丰度，包括 H2O、HDO、CH4、C2H2、C2H6、H2S、SO2、OCS、CO、H2CO、CH3OH、HCOOH、HCN 、HNC、CH3CN、HC3N、NH2CHO 和 NH3。计划对木星家族彗星和奥尔特云彗星进行新的观测。 2017-2019 年期间为研究木星家族彗星提供了多年来的最佳机会，木星家族彗星是所有母体挥发物成分研究中代表性不足的动态类别。这些研究将被整合到一个天文馆计划中，该计划将在陶森大学沃森金天文馆和密苏里大学圣路易斯新数字天文馆举办，覆盖圣路易斯和巴尔的摩的学生，包括许多代表性不足的少数族裔。一名研究人员还将指导研究生和本科生。

项目成果

First Comet Observations with NIRSPEC-2 at Keck: Outgassing Sources of Parent Volatiles and Abundances Based on Alternative Taxonomic Compositional Baselines in 46P/Wirtanen

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abd03c
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: B. Bonev;N. Dello Russo;M. DiSanti;E. Martin;G. Doppmann;R. Vervack;G. Villanueva;H. Kawakita;E. Gibb;M. Combi;N. Roth;M. Saki;A. McKay;M. Cordiner;D. Bodewits;J. Crovisier;N. Biver;A. Cochran;Y. Shou;Y. Khan;K. Venkataramani

Testing Short-term Variability and Sampling of Primary Volatiles in Comet 46P/Wirtanen

测试 46P/Wirtanen 彗星的短期变化和初级挥发物采样

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abc95c
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Khan, Younas;Gibb, Erika L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;DiSanti, Michael A.;Russo, Neil Dello;Vervack, Ronald J.;McKay, Adam J.;Combi, Michael R.
• 通讯作者: Combi, Michael R.

Volatile Composition and Outgassing in C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto): Extending Limits for High-resolution Infrared Cometary Spectroscopy between 2.8 and 5.0 μm

C/2018 Y1 中的挥发性成分和放气（Iwamoto）：将高分辨率红外彗星光谱的限制扩展到 2.8 至 5.0 μm 之间

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/ac07ae
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: DiSanti, Michael A.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Dello Russo, Neil;McKay, Adam J.;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;Gibb, Erika L.;Vervack Jr., Ronald J.;Khan, Younas;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo

The Volatile Composition of the Inner Coma of Comet 46P/Wirtanen: Coordinated Observations Using iSHELL at the NASA-IRTF and Keck/NIRSPEC-2

46P/Wirtanen 彗星内彗发的挥发性成分：在 NASA-IRTF 和 Keck/NIRSPEC-2 使用 iSHELL 进行协调观测

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abd706/54
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Roth, Nathan X.;Bonev, Boncho P.;DiSanti, Michael A.;Dello Russo, Neil;McKay, Adam J.;Gibb, Erika L.;Saki, Mohammad;Khan, Younas;Vervack, Ronald J.;Kawakita, Hideyo
• 通讯作者: Kawakita, Hideyo

Quantifying the Hypervolatile Abundances in Jupiter-family Comet 46P/Wirtanen

量化木星家族彗星 46P/Wirtanen 中的高挥发性丰度

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abd71d
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: McKay, Adam J.;DiSanti, Michael A.;Cochran, Anita L.;Bonev, Boncho P.;Russo, Neil Dello;Vervack, Ronald J.;Gibb, Erika;Roth, Nathan X.;Saki, Mohammad;Khan, Younas
• 通讯作者: Khan, Younas