Collaborative Proposal: Comets and the History of Volatile Matter During Planetary System Formation

合作提案：彗星和行星系统形成过程中挥发性物质的历史

• 批准号: 1614471
• 负责人: Martin Cordiner
• 金额: $ 10.4万
• 依托单位: Catholic University of America
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1614471&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Comets; History; Volatile

Comets are early Solar System objects, mostly unchanged from the time the Solar System was created. The orbits of comets trace them to the locations in the outer Solar System where they formed. The compositions of molecules released from a comet can be measured by looking at their spectral signals. Combining these compositions with the comet orbits allows scientists to learn what materials were present at different locations in the early Solar System. The investigators will measure the amounts of many molecules in comet spectra, including H2O, HDO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, H2S, SO2, OCS, CO, H2CO, CH3OH, HCOOH, HCN, HNC, CH3CN, HC3N, NH2CHO, and NH3. They will use ground-based observatories such as the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The years of 2017-2019 provide an excellent opportunity to study Jupiter Family Comets - comets with smaller orbits for which little is known about their compositions. This research serves the national interest by advancing our knowledge of the materials that served as the building blocks of our Solar System. Shows at the Watson-King Planetarium, Towson University, and the University of Missouri, Saint Louis' new planetarium will feature this research. Students from St. Louis and Baltimore, including many minority students, will have the chance to see them. The Principal Investigators will use high-resolution molecular spectroscopy of comets to measure the compositions of volatiles released from their nuclei, and to test theories about the early formation of the Solar System. While the orbits of observed comets link them to their dynamical reservoir (the distant Oort cloud or closer Kuiper belt), the suite of detected molecules for an individual comet provides a "snapshot" of the volatile inventory at their location in the protoplanetary disk where these comets formed. The investigators will use ground-based near-infrared and radio observatories, including the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. By combining the advantages of each wavelength domain, the investigators' goal is to measure the relative abundances among various molecular species, including H2O, HDO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, H2S, SO2, OCS, CO, H2CO, CH3OH, HCOOH, HCN, HNC, CH3CN, HC3N, NH2CHO, and NH3. New observations are planned of Jupiter Family comets and Oort cloud comets. The 2017-2019 period brings the best opportunity for many years to study Jupiter Family comets - a dynamical class underrepresented in compositional studies of all parent volatiles. These studies will be integrated into a planetarium program that will be hosted at the Watson-King Planetarium, Towson University, and at the University of Missouri, Saint Louis' new digital planetarium, reaching St. Louis and Baltimore students, including many underrepresented minorities. One investigator will also mentor graduate and undergraduate students.

彗星是早期的太阳系对象，大多数从创建太阳系的时间开始。彗星的轨道将它们追踪到它们形成的外部太阳系中的位置。可以通过查看其光谱信号来测量从彗星释放的分子的组成。将这些成分与彗星轨道结合在一起，使科学家可以了解早期太阳系中不同位置存在的材料。研究人员将测量彗星光谱中许多分子的量，包括H2O，HDO，CH4，C2H2，C2H6，C2H6，H2S，SO2，SO2，OCS，CO，H2CO，H2CO，CH3OH，CH3OH，HCN，HCN，HCN，HNC，HNC，HNC，CH3CN，CH3CN，HC3N，HC3N，NH2CHO，NH2CHO和NH3N，NH2CHO，和NH33，和。他们将使用基于地面的天文台，例如NASA红外望远镜设施，W。M。Keck天文台和Atacama大毫米/亚毫米阵列。 2017 - 2019年的年份为研究木星家庭彗星提供了一个绝佳的机会 - 彗星的彗星较小的轨道，对其构图知之甚少。这项研究通过促进我们对作为太阳系基础的材料的了解来促进国家利益。在沃森 - 金天文馆，陶森大学和密苏里大学圣路易斯大学的新天文馆的演出将以这项研究为特色。来自圣路易斯和巴尔的摩的学生，包括许多少数族裔学生，将有机会看到他们。 主要研究人员将使用彗星的高分辨率分子光谱来测量从其核中释放的挥发物的组成，并测试有关太阳系早期形成的理论。虽然观察到的彗星的轨道将它们连接到动态储层（遥远的Oort云或靠近的Kuiper带），而单个彗星的检测到的分子套件可在其位于原始磁盘中的位置上挥发着挥发性库存的“快照”。彗星形成。研究人员将使用基于地面的近红外和无线电观测站，包括NASA红外望远镜设施，W。M。Keck天文台和Atacama大毫米/毫米阵列。 By combining the advantages of each wavelength domain, the investigators' goal is to measure the relative abundances among various molecular species, including H2O, HDO, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, H2S, SO2, OCS, CO, H2CO, CH3OH, HCOOH, HCN ，HNC，CH3CN，HC3N，NH2CHO和NH3。计划对木星家庭彗星和oort云彗星进行新的观察。 2017-2019时期为研究木星家庭彗星提供了多年的最佳机会，这是一个在所有家长挥发物的组成研究中代表性不足的动态类别。这些研究将集成到一个天文馆计划中，该计划将在沃森王天文馆，陶森大学和密苏里大学，圣路易斯大学的新数字天文馆，到达圣路易斯和巴尔的摩学生，其中包括许多不足者的少数人。一位调查员还将指导毕业生和本科生。