Doctoral Dissertation Research: Shifting co-residence, sharing, and contact networks in a transitioning hunter-gatherer society

博士论文研究：转型中的狩猎采集社会中共同居住、共享和联系网络的转变

• 批准号: 1613459
• 负责人: Nathaniel Dominy
• 金额: $ 1.29万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1613459&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Shifting; co

The size and composition of human groups varies widely between societies, from the small bands of hunter-gatherers to the massive social networks of modern mega-cities. To understand the origins of this extreme variation, this doctoral dissertation project will study a small-scale society that is currently shifting from a life of nomadic hunting and gathering to one focused on sedentary agriculture. The co-PI will use innovative sensor technology to track the movements of individuals in order to reconstruct social networks and understand how those networks are related to demographics, food sharing, and residence patterns. This study is expected to shed light on the historical importance of living with close relatives and how the rise of agriculture has influenced human social interactions, especially the exchange of resources and information. Social networks also have major implications for health and the spread of disease, and this research aims to identify how the structure of social networks might mitigate disease susceptibility. This project will also provide student research and training opportunities for field and research assistants, and will include science communication and outreach activities at the home institution and the field site. Patterns of co-residence determine which individuals cooperate, compete, or share information and resources. This research will investigate the mechanisms that influence co-residence patterns and inter-individual interactions in a small-scale hunter-gatherer society, the Batek of Malaysia, for whom cooperation is critical for survival. The co-PI will collect detailed demographic, co-residence, and food sharing data in permanent settlements and forest camps, and analyze these data in conjunction with a rich historical dataset collected in the mid-1970s on the same population. In addition, the project will include the use of sensor technology to monitor proximity interactions among individuals and reconstruct social networks. Given the increasing sedentarization of the Batek, coupled with a shift towards male-dominated gender relations, specific predictions include (i) an increase in relatedness among co-residents, (ii) an increase in kin-biased and reciprocal sharing interactions, and (iii) broader but less evenly distributed contact networks. This project builds on a recent synthesis of research on human co-residence patterns, and provides the first empirical test of a new theoretical model proposed to explain these patterns. Findings from this project will provide an important baseline for evaluating the effect of sedentarization on fundamental human interaction patterns and how human social organization mediates the spread of information and disease.

人类群体的规模和组成在社会之间差异很大，从狩猎采集者的小乐队到现代大型城市的庞大社交网络。为了了解这种极端差异的起源，该博士学位论文项目将研究一个小型社会，该社会目前正在从游牧狩猎和聚会转变为专注于久坐农业的社会。 Co-Pi将使用创新的传感器技术来跟踪个人的运动，以重建社交网络并了解这些网络与人口统计学，食物共享和居住模式的关系。预计这项研究将阐明与近亲生活的历史重要性以及农业的兴起如何影响人类的社会互动，尤其是资源和信息的交换。社交网络对健康和疾病的传播也有重大影响，这项研究旨在确定社交网络的结构如何缓解疾病的易感性。该项目还将为现场和研究助理提供学生的研究和培训机会，并将包括家庭机构和现场现场的科学传播和外展活动。共同居住的模式决定了哪些人合作，竞争或共享信息和资源。这项研究将调查在小规模的猎人 - 采集者社会（马来西亚的贝特克）中影响共同居住模式和个体间相互作用的机制，对他们而言，合作对于生存至关重要。 Co-Pi将在永久定居点和森林营地中收集详细的人口统计学，共同居住和食品共享数据，并与1970年代中期收集的相同人口收集的丰富历史数据集一起分析这些数据。此外，该项目将包括使用传感器技术来监视个人之间的接近性相互作用并重建社交网络。鉴于贝特克的久坐不断增加，再加上向男性主导的性别关系的转变，具体的预测包括（i）共同居民之间的相关性提高，（ii）基因偏见和相互共享的相互作用的增加，以及（iii）更广泛但更均匀但平均分布的触点网络。该项目建立在对人类共同居住模式研究的最新综合基础上，并为提出的解释这些模式的新理论模型提供了第一个经验检验。该项目的发现将为评估久坐化对基本人类互动模式的影响以及人类社会组织如何介导信息和疾病的传播如何提供重要的基准。