DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Revealing the genomic targets of opposing natural selection that differ between females and males

论文研究：揭示女性和男性之间不同的反对自然选择的基因组目标

• 批准号: 1601148
• 负责人: Robert Cox
• 金额: $ 2.02万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601148&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Revealing; genomic; targets

Males and females of the same species share a genome and express many of the same traits. However, the two sexes often experience dramatic differences in natural selection on these shared traits. This can create an evolutionary tug-of-war when a trait and its underlying genes are beneficial in one sex, but detrimental in the other. This study will investigate this selection conflict in brown anole lizards. Such conflict can occur in any species with separate sexes and is predicted to have important implications for the evolution of differences between males and females, systems of sex determination, and the maintenance of genetic variation. The researchers will genetically sequence individuals from a wild population with extreme sex differences to identify genomic regions that are subject to this selection conflict. In addition, this project will provide research training for undergraduate students and the research will be used as the basis for developing field-tested educational materials designed to build skills for data interpretation in the K-12 classroom.Despite its implications for so many major questions in biology, sexual conflict has rarely been demonstrated in wild populations, and we have yet to identify the actual regions of the genome that are subject to sexual conflict in natural populations. This project has three aims: (1) test for sex differences in natural selection on a variety of traits, (2) test for fitness costs of sexual conflict by measuring the extent to which the genetic basis of fitness is correlated between males and females, and (3) combine field estimates of fitness with large-scale genomic data and powerful statistical methods to uncover genomic regions associated with sexual conflict in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). This work is being conducted using an island population of more than a thousand adult lizards that is highly amenable to large-scale studies of natural selection. The researchers will use their data to test whether the same genomic regions contribute to fitness in each sex, to measure the extent to which these genes are subject to sex differences in selection, and to determine which components of fitness (survival, reproductive success) give rise to intralocus sexual conflict.

同一物种的雄性和雌性共享基因组并表现出许多相同的特征。然而，两种性别在这些共同特征的自然选择中经常经历巨大的差异。当一种性状及其潜在基因对一种性别有益，但对另一种性别有害时，这可能会引发一场进化拉锯战。本研究将调查棕色变色蜥蜴的这种选择冲突。这种冲突可能发生在任何具有不同性别的物种中，并且预计会对雄性和雌性差异的进化、性别决定系统和遗传变异的维持产生重要影响。研究人员将对具有极端性别差异的野生种群中的个体进行基因测序，以确定受到这种选择冲突影响的基因组区域。此外，该项目将为本科生提供研究培训，该研究将用作开发经过现场测试的教育材料的基础，这些材料旨在培养 K-12 课堂上的数据解释技能。尽管它对许多重大问题都有影响在生物学中，性冲突很少在野生种群中得到证实，而且我们还没有确定在自然种群中遭受性冲突的基因组的实际区域。该项目有三个目标：（1）测试自然选择中各种性状的性别差异，（2）通过测量男性和女性之间适应性遗传基础的相关程度来测试性冲突的适应性成本， (3) 将现场适应性估计与大规模基因组数据和强大的统计方法相结合，以揭示与野生褐变色蜥蜥蜴（Anolis sagrei）种群中性冲突相关的基因组区域。这项工作是在一个拥有一千多只成年蜥蜴的岛屿上进行的，这些蜥蜴非常适合大规模的自然选择研究。研究人员将利用他们的数据来测试相同的基因组区域是否有助于每种性别的适应性，测量这些基因在选择中受性别差异影响的程度，并确定适应性的哪些组成部分（生存、繁殖成功）赋予了适应性。引发座内性冲突。