Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs)

纳米级有机杂化材料（NOHM）

• 批准号: 1609125
• 负责人: Lynden Archer
• 金额: $ 58万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1609125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nanoscale; Organic; Hybrid; Materials; NOHMs

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:This project focuses on basic science and technological applications of organic-inorganic hybrid materials created by attaching short polymer chains (corona) to hard, inorganic nanostructures. Termed Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs), they are the first example of an organic-inorganic hybrid material in which each nanoscale building block is itself a hybrid. This design provides opportunities for scientific exploration and for engineering new materials with unusual combinations of properties that take advantage of the large library of available nanostructures and polymers for manipulating physical properties and function. Research in this study considers a particular family of NOHMs in which the corona is comprised of lithium-ion conducting polymers. This focus is motivated by the potential such materials hold for creating battery electrolytes with high, liquid-like ionic conductivity, tunable mechanical properties, and non-flammability under normal operating conditions for batteries. The work is important because it will enable batteries to safely utilize energetic metals as their anodes and to offer substantial increases in the amount of energy stored. Aspects of this promise have already been realized with the creation of a technology start-up company, NOHMs Technologies, which currently employs 14 persons. It is expected that further technological development may occur over the four-year performance period of this NSF award as fundamental understanding of the materials grow and as this understanding leads to new non-flammable electrolyte designs that can be used as drop-in replacements for currently used flammable battery electrolytes. The flexible design of NOHMs in multiple, easy-to-appreciate applications of broad-based societal interest (including batteries, 3D printing, and advanced lubricants) also provides important opportunities for introducing younger students (K-12) to nanotechnology. The project will engage these students and their teachers through demonstrations based on batteries. These demonstrations will be designed to teach students to think about batteries as chemical reactors that produce electrical energy as the principal product, and about the relationship between applications-oriented properties and the basic chemical and physical processes that must be understood and controlled to achieve them.TECHNICAL SUMMARY: This project focuses on structure, component dynamics, and ion transport in Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs) created by densely tethering short polymer chains to inorganic nanostructures. A consequence of the design of NOHMs is that grafted polymer (corona) segments experience an entropic attractive force created by the constraint that segments must homogeneously fill the space between nanoparticle cores. This entropic force is currently believed to be responsible for at least three effects: (i) strong correlations of the cores, (ii) physical constraints analogous to cross-links on the corona, and (iii) suppressed density fluctuations on large length-scales, which causes the materials to exhibit low-wave vector structure distinct from conventional hard-sphere suspensions, but analogous to incompressible molecular fluids. On continuum length-scales the materials behave as soft glassy complex fluids in which each suspended particle carries around a share of the suspending medium at all times. In contrast, on nanometer length scales, they are granular. By isolating and studying contributions to NOHMs physical properties from surface crowding of corona chains, geometric confinement of corona chains between neighboring particles, entropy-mediated temporary cross-links between corona, and slow translation and reorientation dynamics of correlated cores, the proposed study will determine how interactions between corona polymer chains influence structure, rheology, and ion transport properties of the materials. The work will also explore phase stability, dynamics and ion transport in NOHMs, NOHMs/NOHMs blends, and NOHMs polymer blends. The proposed study aims to construct a physical model framework for understanding NOHMs transport behaviors and rheology.

非技术摘要：该项目侧重于通过将短聚合物链（Corona）连接到硬有机纳米结构上而创建的有机无机混合材料的基础科学和技术应用。它们称为纳米级有机杂交材料（NOHM），是有机无机杂交材料的第一个例子，其中每个纳米级构建块本身就是杂种。该设计为科学探索和工程新材料提供了机会，并具有不寻常的属性组合，这些材料利用了可用的纳米结构和聚合物的大型库来操纵物理性能和功能。这项研究中的研究考虑了一个特定的NOHM家族，其中电晕由锂离子导电聚合物组成。这种焦点是由于这种材料具有高，液体样离子电导率，可调机械性能以及在正常操作条件下的电池状电导率，可调的机械性能和不易用性的潜在材料所具有的动机。这项工作很重要，因为它将使电池能够安全地利用能量金属作为阳极，并可以大幅增加存储的能量量。通过创建技术初创公司Nohms Technologies，该诺言已经实现了这一诺言的各个方面，该公司目前拥有14名员工。可以预期，随着对材料的基本了解，该NSF奖的四年绩效期可能会发生进一步的技术发展，并且随着这种理解会导致新的非易燃电解质设计，可以用作当前使用的易燃电池电解质的倒入替换。 NOHM在多个基于广泛的社会兴趣（包括电池，3D打印和高级润滑剂）的多个易于赞成的应用中的灵活设计也为向纳米技术引入年轻学生（K-12）提供了重要的机会。该项目将通过基于电池的示威与这些学生及其老师吸引。这些演示将旨在教会学生将电池视为产生电能作为主要产品的化学反应堆，以及面向应用的属性与必须理解和控制的基本化学和物理过程之间的关系，以实现这些摘要。该项目着重于结构，组件动力学的结构，以及由纳米级的构造材料创建的，而不是由纳米级的机构组成的，而不是由纳米级的机构组成的。无机纳米结构。 NOHMS设计的结果是，嫁接的聚合物（Corona）段经历了由段落必须同质填充纳米颗粒核之间的空间所产生的熵吸引力。目前认为，这种熵力至少对三种效果负责：（i）核心的强相关性，（ii）类似于电晕上的交联类似的物理约束，以及（iii）抑制密度的长度尺度上的密度波动，这会导致材料与传统式摩尔相分化，但会导致材料与传统式摩尔相分化，但会引起较低的型号，但会导致较低的型号的矩阵，但要压抑刻骨剂。在连续长度尺度上，材料的表现为柔软的玻璃复合液，其中每个悬浮粒子始终在悬浮介质的一部分附近。相反，在纳米长度尺度上，它们是颗粒状的。 By isolating and studying contributions to NOHMs physical properties from surface crowding of corona chains, geometric confinement of corona chains between neighboring particles, entropy-mediated temporary cross-links between corona, and slow translation and reorientation dynamics of correlated cores, the proposed study will determine how interactions between corona polymer chains influence structure, rheology, and ion transport properties of the materials.这项工作还将探索NOHM，NOHMS/NOHMS和NOHMS聚合物混合物中的相位稳定性，动力学和离子传输。拟议的研究旨在构建一个物理模型框架，以了解NOHMS运输行为和流变学。