Evaluation of the Chemical Drivers behind Membrane Integrity Loss in Halide-Impaired Waters during Chemical Disinfection to Advance Optimal Membrane Structural Design

评估化学消毒过程中卤化物受损水中膜完整性损失背后的化学驱动因素，以推进最佳膜结构设计

• 批准号: 1605882
• 负责人: Amisha Shah
• 金额: $ 26.2万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1605882&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evaluation; Chemical; Drivers; behind; Membrane

160588ShahIn recent years, the role of membrane filtration to treat salt-impaired waters has become more commonplace as freshwater shortages have increased the demand for seawater desalination and water reuse. The process of disinfection and desalination of impaired waters is challenged by the extreme variation in water composition. This project presents a fundamental research framework which will enable future informed design of water treatment strategies under such impaired water conditions, specifically with respect to prolonging membrane lifetime. The central aim of this research project is to integrate governing chemical principles of polymers and aqueous phase chemistry to advance the scientific foundation in membrane engineering applications. The project has the following planned outcomes: (1) prediction of membrane degradation following disinfectant exposure in halide-impaired waters, and, (2) informed design of novel membrane surfaces that are resistant to these effects. To achieve these outcomes, solid membrane materials and model compounds that serve as their chemical analogs will be used to assess chemical kinetics, by-product formation, and morphological and chemical alterations of the membrane surface. Model feedstock waters will contain various mixtures of halide salts (e.g. chloride, bromide, and iodide ions) as well as chemical disinfectants (e.g. free chlorine and chloramines) in order to measure combined chemical effects. The experimental program will identify the effects of water quality (i.e. salinity, temperature) and operational conditions (oxidant dose). This is especially important given that concentration polarization effects observed during membrane filtration can potentially magnify the impact of such parameters. Finally, this project will inform the design of novel membrane surfaces that minimize membrane failure through chemical and structural modifications. The development of such membrane materials would represent a clear technological advancement which could result in significant energy and economic savings to facilities treating impaired waters. Overall, this project will provide desalination industries and water reclamation utilities valuable insight on how impaired waters with high salt (halide) content will effect membrane performance when various disinfection strategies are applied prior to nanofiltration and reverse osmosis treatment.

160588 Shahin近年来，随着淡水短缺的需求增加了海水脱盐和水再利用的需求，膜过滤对治疗盐损伤水的作用变得越来越普遍。水分的极端变化挑战了消毒和脱盐的过程。该项目提出了一个基本的研究框架，该框架将使未来的水处理策略在这种受损的水状况下，特别是关于延长膜寿命。该研究项目的核心目的是整合聚合物的化学原理和水相化学原理，以推动膜工程应用中的科学基础。该项目具有以下计划的结果：（1）在卤化物受损水域中消毒剂暴露后膜降解的预测，以及（2）（2）对这些作用具有抗性的新型膜表面的知情设计。为了实现这些结果，将用作化学类似物的固体膜材料和模型化合物将用于评估膜表面的化学动力学，副产品形成以及形态和化学改变。模型原料水将含有各种卤化盐（例如氯化物，溴化物和碘化物离子）以及化学消毒剂（例如游离氯和氯胺）的各种混合物，以测量化学效应。实验计划将确定水质（即盐度，温度）和操作条件（氧化剂剂量）的影响。考虑到在膜过滤过程中观察到的浓度极化效应可以潜在地扩大此类参数的影响，这一点尤其重要。最后，该项目将为新型膜表面的设计提供信息，该膜表面通过化学和结构修饰最大程度地减少膜失败。这种膜材料的开发将代表明显的技术进步，这可能会导致能源和经济节省大量，从而为处理受损水的设施。总体而言，该项目将提供海水淡化行业和水开用公用事业有价值的见解，即当在纳米过滤和反向渗透治疗之前采用各种消毒策略时，高盐（卤化物）含量受损（卤化物）含量如何影响膜性能。