DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Revealing the genomic targets of opposing natural selection that differ between females and males

论文研究：揭示女性和男性之间不同的反对自然选择的基因组目标

• 批准号: 1601148
• 负责人: Robert Cox
• 金额: $ 2.02万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1601148&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Revealing; genomic; targets

Males and females of the same species share a genome and express many of the same traits. However, the two sexes often experience dramatic differences in natural selection on these shared traits. This can create an evolutionary tug-of-war when a trait and its underlying genes are beneficial in one sex, but detrimental in the other. This study will investigate this selection conflict in brown anole lizards. Such conflict can occur in any species with separate sexes and is predicted to have important implications for the evolution of differences between males and females, systems of sex determination, and the maintenance of genetic variation. The researchers will genetically sequence individuals from a wild population with extreme sex differences to identify genomic regions that are subject to this selection conflict. In addition, this project will provide research training for undergraduate students and the research will be used as the basis for developing field-tested educational materials designed to build skills for data interpretation in the K-12 classroom.Despite its implications for so many major questions in biology, sexual conflict has rarely been demonstrated in wild populations, and we have yet to identify the actual regions of the genome that are subject to sexual conflict in natural populations. This project has three aims: (1) test for sex differences in natural selection on a variety of traits, (2) test for fitness costs of sexual conflict by measuring the extent to which the genetic basis of fitness is correlated between males and females, and (3) combine field estimates of fitness with large-scale genomic data and powerful statistical methods to uncover genomic regions associated with sexual conflict in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). This work is being conducted using an island population of more than a thousand adult lizards that is highly amenable to large-scale studies of natural selection. The researchers will use their data to test whether the same genomic regions contribute to fitness in each sex, to measure the extent to which these genes are subject to sex differences in selection, and to determine which components of fitness (survival, reproductive success) give rise to intralocus sexual conflict.

同一物种的雄性和女性具有基因组并表达许多相同的特征。但是，这两个性别在这些共同特征上经常在自然选择方面存在巨大差异。当特征及其潜在基因对一种性别有益，但另一种有害时，这可能会产生进化的拔河。这项研究将调查棕色Anole蜥蜴的选择冲突。这种冲突可以发生在任何具有独立性别的物种中，并且预计对男性与女性之间差异的演变，性别确定系统以及维持遗传变异具有重要意义。研究人员将对来自野生人群的遗传序列序列，具有极端的性别差异，以识别受到这种选择冲突的基因组区域。此外，该项目将为本科生提供研究培训，该研究将被用作开发经过现场测试的教育材料的基础，该材料旨在在K-112教室中建立数据解释的技能。尽管它对许多生物学中的许多重大问题的影响，但性冲突在野生人群中很少证明，我们尚未确定基因的实际区域，以确定对性发生性冲突的真实区域。该项目具有三个目的：（1）测试各种特征的自然选择中的性别差异，（2）通过衡量男性和女性之间适应性相关的遗传基础的程度，测试性冲突的适应性成本，以及（3）结合适应性的现场估计与大规模基因组和强大的基因组相关的野外估计（与野生的统计方法）相关联（ sagrei）。这项工作是使用一千多个成年蜥蜴的岛屿人口进行的，这些蜥蜴高度适合自然选择的大规模研究。研究人员将使用他们的数据来测试相同的基因组区域是否有助于每个性别的适应性，以衡量这些基因在选择中受到性别差异的程度，并确定哪些适合度（生存，生殖成功）会导致核内性冲突。