Coastal SEES: Coastal fog-mediated interactions between climate change, upwelling, and coast redwood resilience: Projecting vulnerabilities and the human response

沿海 SEES：沿海雾介导的气候变化、上升流和海岸红杉复原力之间的相互作用：预测脆弱性和人类反应

• 批准号: 1600109
• 负责人: John Campbell
• 金额: $ 174.97万
• 依托单位: University of California - Merced
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-15 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1600109&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; SEES; fog; mediated; interactions

Coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents drives some of the Earth's most productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. While the contributions of upwelling to marine ecosystems are well-recognized, critical implications of upwelling for coastal terrestrial ecosystems are not. The main hypothesis of this study is that ocean-atmosphere-land interactions, mediated by coastal fog, cause upwelling to drive one of the Earth's most productive terrestrial ecosystems, coast redwood forests. The study further hypothesizes that learning about climate change impacts to this iconic species can influence perceptions of climate change. The future resilience of coast redwoods is now of critical concern due to the detection of a decline in coastal fog that may be associated with anthropogenic climate change and expanding urban heat islands. However, this coastal ocean-atmosphere-land system has received relatively little attention. This is largely due to the fact that until recently, earth system models were not capable of simulating the coastal fog that links the component systems, making it difficult to interpret historical observations or to project climate change impacts on these integrated systems. Furthermore, fundamental ecological measurements are obscured by the presence of fog, making it very difficult to understand how coast redwoods will respond to changes in fog. Understanding this coastal ocean-atmosphere-land system will not only provide much needed information for coast redwood resilience, but will also establish a foundation for future work on critical fog-mediated vulnerabilities to a range of coastal terrestrial, riparian, and intertidal ecosystems, and human-affected sectors including irrigated agriculture, wildfire management, public health, air and ground traffic, tourism, and urban energy and water consumption.In this project, an interdisciplinary team will leverage recent advances in regional ocean-atmosphere-land modeling and laser spectrometry to provide an unprecedented exploration of this coastal integrated natural-human system. Activities to broaden the impacts of the project include outreach to land managers and interpreters, interactions between modeling and public outreach, participation in a climate change documentary, media outreach, and interdisciplinary training of Hispanic Serving Institution undergraduates and two postdoctoral scholars.The results of this project will be (1) a process-level understanding of the coastal fog-mediated interactions between ocean-atmosphere circulation and coast redwood ecophysiology, (2) projections of fog, coast redwood resilience, and upwelling under anthropogenic scenarios of global greenhouse gas forcing and local urban heat islands along with the ocean-atmosphere-land feedbacks to this forcing, and (3) an understanding of how the projected vulnerabilities of this iconic coastal species can influence human perceptions about climate change and climate-friendly behaviors. The project will focus on three activities with essential linkages across the team: (1) U.S. Pacific Coast simulations of ocean and atmospheric circulation will be used to understand how the timing and strength of upwelling interacts with the atmosphere and coastal land systems to produce and maintain coastal fog (Samelson, Skyllingstad, de Szoeke, Oregon State Univ.; O'Brien, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). (2) Laser spectrometer measurements of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide in coast redwood forests will provide the unique capability of measuring primary productivity and physiological regulation in the presence of fog (Campbell, UC Merced; Berry, Carnegie Institution; Dawson, UC Berkeley; Seibt, UCLA). The resulting ecological information will be used to develop regional simulations of coast redwood physiology under current and projected fog regimes. (3) The new scientific understanding of coast redwood resilience will form the foundation of surveys measuring human attitudes, knowledge, values, place connections, and current climate-related behaviors with regard to coast redwoods (Ardoin, Stanford Univ.). These survey data, along with the ecological data from ongoing research, will create a foundation for educational interventions that build on people's current place relationships, understandings, and existing behaviors.

东部边界潮流的沿海上升流动驱动了地球上生产力最高和生物多样性海洋生态系统。尽管上升对海洋生态系统的贡献是众所周知的，但对沿海地面生态系统上升的关键意义却没有。这项研究的主要假设是，由沿海雾介导的海洋大气相互作用会导致上升流动驱动地球最有生产力的陆地生态系统之一，即沿海红木森林。该研究进一步假设，了解气候变化对这种标志性物种的影响会影响对气候变化的看法。由于发现沿海雾的下降可能与人为的气候变化和不断扩大的城市热岛相关，因此沿海红木的未来弹性现在引起了关键的关注。但是，这种沿海海洋 - 大气层系统受到相对较少的关注。这很大程度上是由于直到最近的事实，地球系统模型还无法模拟将组件系统连接起来的沿海雾，因此很难解释历史观察或投影气候变化对这些集成系统的影响。此外，雾的存在掩盖了基本的生态测量，因此很难理解沿海红木如何应对雾的变化。了解这种沿海海洋 - 大气 - 陆地系统不仅将为沿海红木的弹性提供太多必要的信息，而且还将为未来在关键的雾气介导的脆弱性方面为一系列沿海地面，河岸和潮汐生态系统和灌肠境内的潮流式河流生态系统以及灌溉农业，野生和野生，野生，河流，空中和培养的河流，空间和灌木丛，空间，空间和灌木丛，空间，空中和灌溉的领域建立基础。项目，一个跨学科团队将利用区域海洋 - 大气模型和激光光谱法的最新进展，以提供对这种沿海综合自然人类系统的前所未有的探索。扩大该项目影响的活动包括向土地管理者和口译员的宣传，建模与公众外展之间的互动，参与气候变化纪录片，媒体外展和西班牙裔服务机构上学的跨学科培训，以及该项目的两名研究结果。生态生理学，（2）在全球温室气体强迫和当地的城市热岛的人为场景下以及在这种强迫上的海洋 - 大陆 - 土地的反馈，（3）对这种主要的沿海物种的脆弱性会影响人类的易感性和污点的理解。该项目将重点关注整个团队基本联系的三项活动：（1）美国太平洋海岸对海洋和大气循环的模拟将用于了解上升的时间和强度如何与大气和沿海地产系统相互作用，以生产和维护沿海雾（Samelson，Skylingstad，skyllingstad，de Szoeke，de Szoeke，de szoeke，oegon State State nate oferegon State Univ。 （2）红木森林中大气羰基硫化物的激光光谱仪的测量将提供独特的能力，可以在雾存在的情况下测量一级生产力和生理调节（Campbell，UC Merced； UC Merced； Berry，Carnegie Institution； Carnegie Institation; Dawson，Dawson，UC Berkeley，UCBerkeley; Seibt，UCLA）。由此产生的生态信息将用于在当前和预计的雾制度下开发海岸红木生理学的区域模拟。 （3）对海岸红木弹性的新科学理解将构成衡量人类态度，知识，价值观，位置联系和当前与海岸雷德伍德（Coast Redwoods）的当前与气候相关行为的调查的基础（Ardoin，Stanford Univ。）。这些调查数据以及正在进行的研究的生态数据将为人们的当前地点关系，理解和现有行为的基础奠定基础。