Rapid proposal: Fires and floods: Acquisition and analysis of perishable data on the sustainability of reservoirs following wildfires

快速提案：火灾和洪水：野火后水库可持续性的易腐数据的获取和分析

• 批准号: 1600016
• 负责人: Desiree Tullos
• 金额: $ 8.31万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-11-01 至 2016-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1600016&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; proposal; Fires; floods; Acquisition

Desiree D. Tullos A RAPID grant situation has been generated by the fire-flood regime being experienced in the Western U.S. The combination of the extensive burns from 2015 wildfires, followed by the forecasted severity of precipitation under the "monster" el nino season ahead, is expected to generate substantial failure and erosion of hillslopes, resulting in more severe sediment yields at times that are difficult to predict. These sediment loads may generate important impacts to reservoirs and water distribution systems, though these potential impacts are not well understood. As the severity and extent of wildfires and floods are forecasted to increase in the future, the need for advancing understanding on and modeling of post-fire flooding impacts to water infrastructure is urgent. The objective of this project is to collect perishable data that will lead to understanding if, how, and where sediment delivered from burned and flooded basins may reduce the functional life of reservoirs. Given that the rainy season typically begins in late November to late December, this is a time sensitive and field intensive study, and the PIs will deploy teams rapidly to document the real-time responses to fires and floods. The scope of activities includes: a) estimate the relative and absolute yields of sediment throughout a wet water year following extensive burning, distinguishing sediment delivered from burned and unburned tributaries in the Mad River basin, California, to establish sedimentation generation rates associated with fire, b) survey bathymetry of and sediment cores from Ruth Reservoir prior to and following the flood season to calculate short-term sedimentation rates associated with burned and unburned areas, and c) apply models of trap efficiency and reservoir capacity to calculate long-term sedimentation rates due to precipitation alone and due to wildfires-flood scenarios. Results will 1) provide evidence on the processes responsible for and the timeline at which reservoir capacity may be impacted by the changing fire-flood regime; 2) demonstrate a methodology, and preliminary data, for conducting this research across geographical scales; and 3) develop data necessary to developing regionally-specific models (e.g. debris flow thresholds and sediment yield decay) that are widely used by managers in mapping and communicating post-fire hazards. This project will impact society by 1) advancing knowledge on wildfire-flood impacts on water infrastructure, 2) developing that can be applied in future studies to advance models and understanding on the landscape-scale processes and interactions that lead a basin to be more sensitive to post-fire sediment generation now and in the future, 3) contribute to national database on reservoir sedimentation to support national-scale, synthetic reservoir sedimentation studies; and 4) supporting planning for the long-term delivery of water to communities serviced by the study reservoir.

Desiree D. Tullos在美国西部经历的火液体制度产生了迅速的赠款，这是2015年野火的广泛燃烧的结合，随后是“怪物” El Nino季节下降水的预测严重程度，预计将在山丘上产生更加严重的压力，从而使山坡的实质性失败和衰落更加严重。这些沉积物负荷可能会对储层和水分配系统产生重要影响，尽管这些潜在影响尚不清楚。由于预计野火和洪水的严重性和程度将在未来增加，因此迫切需要促进对射击后洪水对水基础设施影响的理解和建模的需求。该项目的目的是收集可腐烂的数据，以了解是否，从燃烧和洪水泛滥的盆地中传递沉积物可能会降低水库的功能寿命。鉴于雨季通常从11月下旬至12月下旬开始，这是一项对时间敏感和现场密集的研究，PIS将迅速部署团队以记录对火灾和洪水的实时反应。活动的范围包括：a）估计在潮湿的一年中，估计沉积物的相对和绝对产量在广泛燃烧后的一年中，将沉积物与加利福尼亚州马德河盆地的燃烧和未燃烧的支流区分开来，以建立与火灾相关的沉积物产生速率，b）b）调查核心和燃烧的速度，并遵循河水的沉淀，并遵循洪水的燃烧，以便于洪水量相关，以便于造成的洪水量相关，以便于洪水泛滥，以至于泛滥成灾c）应用陷阱效率和储层能力的模型来计算仅降水和野火 - 洪水场景引起的长期沉积率。结果将为1）提供有关负责的过程的证据，以及储层能力可能受到不断变化的消防状态影响的时间表； 2）演示了跨地理量表进行这项研究的方法和初步数据； 3）开发用于开发区域特异性模型（例如碎片流阈值和沉积物产量衰减）所必需的数据，这些数据被管理人员广泛用于映射和通信火灾后危害。该项目将通过1）对社会的影响1）促进对野火对水基础设施的影响的知识，2）开发可以在未来的研究中应用，以促进模型和对景观规模的过程和互动的理解，这些过程和互动导致盆地使盆地对现在和未来的后火沉积物的产生更敏感，以使储层序列化的国家序列化序列化，3） 4）支持计划为研究水库服务的社区长期提供水的计划。