Collaborative Research: Improving electric power dispatch to ensure reliable, secure and economic transmission.

合作研究：改善电力调度，确保可靠、安全和经济的传输。

• 批准号: 1552096
• 负责人: Javad Lavaei
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1552096&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Improving; electric; power

Choosing the least-operating cost combination of electric power generation to meet demand is at the heart of utility and Independent System Operator (ISO) functions in the running of an electric power system. Additionally, utilities and ISOs must ensure that transmission lines will be operated within limits both under normal conditions and in the event of an outage, or failure, of a line. These transmission limitations can limit the choices available for dispatch of generators. A generation and transmission system operated within these limits is said to be secure. Maintaining security while seeking to minimize the operating costs of generation is a central function of utility and ISO operations and involves pro-active consideration of the many possible outages that might occur. If an outage does actually occur, then the dispatch must subsequently be changed so that the system can withstand the next outage. Generally, however, these actions needed to restore security are not explicitly modeled in the procedures of utilities and ISOs. The implication is that current systems might be operated in a manner that under-utilizes transmission capacity there resulting in more expensive dispatch than necessary or operated in a manner that could threaten reliability in the event of a single failure. This work seeks systematic methods to better represent the limitations on transmission and better represent the post-contingency restoration to security so as to improve electric generator dispatch. The graduate students will be trained in electric power engineering, optimization theory, and control systems. Students will be provided opportunities to interact with the Texas Legislative and Public utility commission, and the STEM outreach activities will extend to the South Harlem middle and high schools that serve underrepresented minorities.This proposal aims at improving representation of post-contingency states in Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO) dispatch optimization to better ensure that transmission capability is neither under-utilized nor operated at levels that jeopardize reliability. Improved utilization of transmission capacity will contribute to lowering the overall cost of electricity supply by enabling more of the lower cost resources to be dispatched, and contribute to enhancing the integration of renewable resources by reducing transmission-related wind curtailment. Conversely, in cases where transmission may be operated in an optimistic manner, improved representation of post-contingency states will improve reliability. These improvements will be achieved by more comprehensive dispatch methodologies, that explicitly model post-contingency corrective actions, rather than through costly transmission upgrades. The capability of the transmission system to support flows of power is typically limited by both continuous and short-term thermal limits due to the interaction of resistive heating of lines and line temperature ratings. The limits vary from line to line and also depend to some extent on ambient conditions. These limits are incorporated into RTO/ISO dispatch models. Standard formulations of RTO/ISO dispatch use security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) that represent contingencies by approximating the post-contingency flows on lines and other elements given a pre-contingency dispatch. Typically, the limits allowed for post-contingency flows reflect short-term transmission limits and are higher than the continuous ratings, with the implicit assumption that the flows can be reduced to being within continuous ratings through (unmodeled) post-contingency corrective actions before the temperature rise on the lines exceeds acceptable limits. The approach is to utilize recent advances in fine-grain distributed optimal power flow to explicitly represent the trajectory of post-contingency flows into the optimal power flow formulation, so that the implied limit on pre-contingency flows will neither be conservative or optimistic. This will enable better utilization of existing transmission capacity. Systematic methods to reduce the number of contingency constraints that must be explicitly represented in the optimization will also be investigated.

选择运行成本最低的发电组合来满足需求是电力系统运行中公用事业和独立系统运营商 (ISO) 功能的核心。 此外，公用事业公司和 ISO 必须确保输电线路在正常条件下以及线路断电或故障时都能在限制范围内运行。 这些输电限制可能会限制发电机调度的选择。 在这些限制内运行的发电和输电系统被认为是安全的。在保持安全性的同时力求最大限度地降低发电运营成本是公用事业和 ISO 运营的核心职能，并且需要积极考虑可能发生的多种停电情况。 如果确实发生了停电，则必须随后更改调度，以便系统能够承受下一次停电。 然而，一般来说，恢复安全性所需的这些操作并未在实用程序和 ISO 的过程中明确建模。 这意味着当前系统的运行方式可能未充分利用传输容量，导致调度成本比必要的更高，或者在发生单一故障时可能会威胁可靠性。 这项工作寻求系统的方法来更好地表征输电的局限性，并更好地表征事故后的安全恢复，从而改善发电机调度。研究生将接受电力工程、优化理论和控制系统方面的培训。学生将有机会与德克萨斯州立法和公共事业委员会互动，STEM 外展活动将扩展到为代表性不足的少数族裔服务的南哈林区初中和高中。该提案旨在提高灾后各州在区域传输中的代表性组织 (RTO) 和独立系统运营商 (ISO) 调度优化，以更好地确保传输能力既不会得到充分利用，也不会在危及可靠性的水平上运行。提高输电能力的利用率将有助于通过调度更多的低成本资源来降低电力供应的总体成本，并通过减少与输电相关的弃风量来促进可再生资源的整合。相反，在传输可以以乐观方式运行的情况下，改进后事故状态的表示将提高可靠性。这些改进将通过更全面的调度方法来实现，该方法明确地模拟事故后的纠正措施，而不是通过昂贵的传输升级。 由于线路电阻加热和线路温度额定值的相互作用，传输系统支持电力流的能力通常受到连续和短期热限制的限制。这些限制因线路而异，并且在一定程度上还取决于环境条件。这些限制已纳入 RTO/ISO 调度模型中。 RTO/ISO 调度的标准公式使用安全约束最优潮流 (SCOPF)，通过在给定意外事件前调度的情况下近似线路和其他要素上的意外事件后流量来表示意外事件。通常，事故后流量允许的限制反映了短期传输限制，并且高于连续额定值，隐含的假设是流量可以通过（未建模的）事故后纠正措施减少到连续额定值之内。线路上的温升超出了可接受的限度。 该方法是利用细粒度分布式最优潮流的最新进展，将事故后潮流的轨迹明确地表示为最优潮流公式，从而使事故前潮流的隐含限制既不是保守的也不是乐观的。这将能够更好地利用现有的传输容量。 还将研究减少必须在优化中明确表示的意外约束数量的系统方法。