Collaborative Research: Improving electric power dispatch to ensure reliable, secure and economic transmission.

合作研究：改善电力调度，确保可靠、安全和经济的传输。

• 批准号: 1552096
• 负责人: Javad Lavaei
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1552096&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Improving; electric; power

Choosing the least-operating cost combination of electric power generation to meet demand is at the heart of utility and Independent System Operator (ISO) functions in the running of an electric power system. Additionally, utilities and ISOs must ensure that transmission lines will be operated within limits both under normal conditions and in the event of an outage, or failure, of a line. These transmission limitations can limit the choices available for dispatch of generators. A generation and transmission system operated within these limits is said to be secure. Maintaining security while seeking to minimize the operating costs of generation is a central function of utility and ISO operations and involves pro-active consideration of the many possible outages that might occur. If an outage does actually occur, then the dispatch must subsequently be changed so that the system can withstand the next outage. Generally, however, these actions needed to restore security are not explicitly modeled in the procedures of utilities and ISOs. The implication is that current systems might be operated in a manner that under-utilizes transmission capacity there resulting in more expensive dispatch than necessary or operated in a manner that could threaten reliability in the event of a single failure. This work seeks systematic methods to better represent the limitations on transmission and better represent the post-contingency restoration to security so as to improve electric generator dispatch. The graduate students will be trained in electric power engineering, optimization theory, and control systems. Students will be provided opportunities to interact with the Texas Legislative and Public utility commission, and the STEM outreach activities will extend to the South Harlem middle and high schools that serve underrepresented minorities.This proposal aims at improving representation of post-contingency states in Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) and Independent System Operator (ISO) dispatch optimization to better ensure that transmission capability is neither under-utilized nor operated at levels that jeopardize reliability. Improved utilization of transmission capacity will contribute to lowering the overall cost of electricity supply by enabling more of the lower cost resources to be dispatched, and contribute to enhancing the integration of renewable resources by reducing transmission-related wind curtailment. Conversely, in cases where transmission may be operated in an optimistic manner, improved representation of post-contingency states will improve reliability. These improvements will be achieved by more comprehensive dispatch methodologies, that explicitly model post-contingency corrective actions, rather than through costly transmission upgrades. The capability of the transmission system to support flows of power is typically limited by both continuous and short-term thermal limits due to the interaction of resistive heating of lines and line temperature ratings. The limits vary from line to line and also depend to some extent on ambient conditions. These limits are incorporated into RTO/ISO dispatch models. Standard formulations of RTO/ISO dispatch use security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) that represent contingencies by approximating the post-contingency flows on lines and other elements given a pre-contingency dispatch. Typically, the limits allowed for post-contingency flows reflect short-term transmission limits and are higher than the continuous ratings, with the implicit assumption that the flows can be reduced to being within continuous ratings through (unmodeled) post-contingency corrective actions before the temperature rise on the lines exceeds acceptable limits. The approach is to utilize recent advances in fine-grain distributed optimal power flow to explicitly represent the trajectory of post-contingency flows into the optimal power flow formulation, so that the implied limit on pre-contingency flows will neither be conservative or optimistic. This will enable better utilization of existing transmission capacity. Systematic methods to reduce the number of contingency constraints that must be explicitly represented in the optimization will also be investigated.

在电力系统运行中，选择发电最小的成本组合来满足需求。 此外，实用程序和ISO必须确保在正常条件下以及线路中断或故障的情况下，传输线将在限制内运行。 这些传输限制可以限制可用于派遣发电机的选择。 据说在这些限制内运行的一代和传输系统是安全的。在寻求最大程度地降低发电成本的同时保持安全性是公用事业和ISO操作的核心功能，并且涉及积极考虑可能发生的许多可能发生的情况。 如果确实发生了中断，则必须随后更改调度，以便系统可以承受下一次中断。 但是，通常，这些恢复安全性所需的操作并未在实用程序和ISO的过程中明确建模。 这意味着目前的系统可能以不足以利用传输能力的方式操作，从而导致派遣比必要的更昂贵，或者以单一故障时可能威胁可靠性的方式操作。 这项工作寻求系统的方法来更好地表示传输的局限性，并更好地代表宿舍后恢复到安全性，以改善发电机调度。研究生将接受电力工程，优化理论和控制系统的培训。将为学生提供与德克萨斯州立法和公用事业委员会互动的机会，STEM外展活动将扩展到南部的哈林中学和高中，这些中学和服务不足的少数群体为少数群体提供服务。提高传输能力的利用率将通过启用更多较低的成本资源来派遣，并通过减少与传输相关的风力削减来增强可再生资源的整合，从而有助于降低电力供应的整体成本。相反，如果可以以乐观的方式进行传输，则改善后宿舍状态的表示将提高可靠性。这些改进将通过更全面的调度方法来实现，这些方法可以明确模拟宿舍后纠正措施，而不是通过昂贵的传输升级来实现。 由于线路和线温度等级的电阻加热相互作用，传输系统支持功率流的能力通常受到连续和短期热极限的限制。限制因线而异，并且在一定程度上取决于环境条件。这些限制被整合到RTO/ISO调度模型中。 RTO/ISO调度的标准公式使用安全受限的最佳功率流（SCOPF），该公式通过近似在线路上的频线后流和其他元素来表示偶然性，并给出了会议前调度。通常，后登录后流的限制反映了短期传输极限，并且高于连续等级，并具有隐含的假设，即可以将流量减少到通过（未建模的）后施用后纠正措施在线温度上升之前的连续评级内，这超出了可接受的限制。 该方法是利用细粒分布式最佳功率流中的最新进展，以明确表示宿舍后流的轨迹进入最佳功率流式公式，以便对宿舍前流的隐含限制既不是保守的也不是乐观的。这将使现有传输能力更好地利用。 还将研究减少必须在优化中明确表示的应变约束数量的系统方法。