CAREER: Carbon Anodes in Potassium-Ion Batteries

职业：钾离子电池中的碳阳极

• 批准号: 1551693
• 负责人: Xiulei Ji
• 金额: $ 53万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1551693&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Carbon; Anodes; Potassium; Ion

CAREER 1551693 - JiThe ongoing prosperity of society relies on energy security enabled by sufficient energy supply and efficient energy storage. Stationary energy storage is the key enabler for intermittent renewable energy resources, including solar and wind. The nature of stationary applications requires the storage technologies to have low cost, long cycle life and most importantly scalability and sustainability. Although lithium-ion batteries have dominated the market in electronics and electric vehicles, lithium is generally too expensive to be used in stationary applications. This calls for alternative technologies based on earth-abundant elements, such as sodium and potassium. To date, attention has focused on sodium-ion batteries. To broaden the field, the PI has shown that a broad array of carbon materials can reversibly store potassium ions with promising performance for energy storage applications. This project will determine design principles for carbon anodes using potassium ion chemistry. On the educational side, the project will bring state-of-the-art knowledge of energy storage to underserved students in Oregon rural schools by developing a new Science-Tour program. This will be eventually expanded to include other OSU faculty. This new program will benefit a large number of students who do not have access to on campus activities at a university. Additionally, the project will integrate training of high school and undergraduate students into the research program to accelerate discoveries on campus.The technical goal of this CAREER award is to elucidate design principles for carbon anodes by determining the structure-property relationships in potassium ion batteries. The PI plans the following activities: (1) Identify the functional substructures that are responsible for K-ion storage in bulk carbon electrodes by investigating the evolving structural and kinetic properties during K-ion insertion via advanced in situ and ex situ characterizations; (2) Determine the structure-property correlation by creating new carbon structures with features controlled at nanometer and atomic scales; and (3) Develop and disseminate energy science activities to bring STEM inspiration to underserved students. This project will test the assumption that bulk carbon anodes cannot reversibly store potassium electrochemically at room temperature. Furthermore, this project will use potassium ion batteries as a platform to generate knowledge on the substructures in non-graphitic carbon anodes that are responsible for metal ion storage. This question will be addressed by exploiting the structural distortion of carbon electrodes generated by insertion of large potassium ions, which can reveal invaluable information of structural properties of non-graphitic carbons with a resolution at nanometer and atomic scales. To observe structural distortion, the project will employ neutron scattering, in situ TEM and electrochemical titration techniques. In addition, the project will draw upon the demonstrated capability of the PI on rational design of carbon local structures to reveal the impact of substructures on electrochemical performance. The unique combination of close observation and fine-tuning of carbon structures at an atomic scale will generate fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships for carbon anodes. This will lead to elucidation of new design principles for carbon materials for metal-ion batteries. The research may cause a paradigm shift for the battery community, while initiating a new frontier on understanding and designing carbons for various purposes.

职业1551693-社会持续的繁荣依赖于通过足够的能源供应和有效的能源存储来实现的能源安全。固定能源存储是间歇性可再生能源（包括太阳能和风能）的关键推动力。固定应用的性质要求存储技术的成本较低，循环寿命长，最重要的是可扩展性和可持续性。尽管锂离子电池在电子和电动汽车上占主导地位，但锂通常太贵了，无法用于固定应用中。这需要基于钠和钾等地球元素的替代技术。迄今为止，注意力集中在钠离子电池上。为了拓宽该领域，PI表明，大量的碳材料可以可逆地储存钾离子，并具有有希望的储能应用性能。该项目将使用钾离子化学确定碳阳极的设计原理。在教育方面，该项目将通过制定一项新的科学巡回赛计划，将储能的最新知识带给俄勒冈州农村学校的不足学生。最终将扩展到包括其他OSU教师。这个新计划将使许多无法参加大学校园活动的学生受益。此外，该项目将将对高中和本科生的培训纳入研究计划，以加速校园的发现。该职业生涯奖的技术目标是通过确定钾离子电池中的结构 - 特质关系来阐明碳阳极的设计原理。 PI计划以下活动：（1）通过研究在K-ION插入过程中通过先进的原位和原位表征研究K-ION插入过程中不断发展的结构和动力学特性，确定负责批量碳电极中K-ION存储的功能子结构； （2）通过创建具有在纳米和原子尺度控制的特征的新碳结构来确定结构特性相关性； （3）开发和传播能源科学活动，以将STEM灵感带给服务不足的学生。该项目将测试以下假设：散装碳阳极不能在室温下可逆地储存钾。此外，该项目将使用钾离子电池作为一个平台，以产生有关负责金属离子储存的非含量碳阳极的子结构的知识。通过利用通过插入大钾离子产生的碳电极的结构变形来解决这个问题，该碳电极可以揭示具有在纳米和原子尺度下分辨率的非闪光碳结构特性的宝贵信息。为了观察结构扭曲，该项目将采用中子散射，原位和电化学滴定技术。此外，该项目将借鉴PI在碳局部结构的合理设计中所证明的能力，以揭示子结构对电化学性能的影响。在原子量表上仔细观察和微调碳结构的独特组合将产生对碳阳极的结构 - 培训关系的基本理解。这将导致阐明金属离子电池碳材料的新设计原理。这项研究可能会导致电池社区的范式转变，同时为出于各种目的而启动有关理解和设计碳的新边界。