Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Chronological Culture Change And Organization In The Middle Ohio Valley

博士论文改进奖：俄亥俄河谷中部按年代顺序的文化变迁和组织

• 批准号: 1545577
• 负责人: Tristram Kidder
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1545577&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Chronological

Edward Henry, PhD Candidate at Washington University in St. Louis, will investigate ancient geometric earthen monuments in Eastern North America. This research will explore collective labor efforts within contexts of ritual action, their role in social integration, and their reflection of ideological participation. While the research focuses on the past it also has the potential to inform on the present. Ritual and community focused labor are factors which today still serve to establish and maintain social order. Scholars have noted that participatory engagement in ritualistic labor events can help create and solidify social bonds, reproduce ideologies, and reinforce sociopolitical and economic agendas. Using archaeology to assess the construction of ceremonial earthen monuments by ancient small-scale societies provides a context to explore the material indicators for social complexity, how it emerges, and is organized. A better technological and chronological understanding of how, and how quickly, earthen monuments are built by Adena and Hopewell (500 BCE-600 CE) societies of Eastern North America. These groups are seemingly mobile and do not have a state-like leadership hierarchy. Nevertheless, these people organized to build geometrically complex enclosure sites, large burial mounds, and maintain a continental exchange network in exotic goods. Examining how, how quickly, these practices of ritual landscape modification spread across the Ohio River Valley provides one understanding of emergent social complexity where massive labor feats were conducted outside a sociopolitical structure grounded in a rigid hierarchy.Mr. Henry will examine how ditch-and-embankment geometric enclosures were built across the Bluegrass Region of Central Kentucky in the Middle Ohio Valley. This region is considered the heartland of Adena and Hopewell societies in ancient Eastern North America. Examining these ritual sites in Kentucky provides a view south of the Ohio River, where chronological understandings of enclosure construction needs refinement. A better historical understanding of enclosure construction, use, and abandonment will help indicate how quickly social changes associated with the emergence of Adena and Hopewell (e.g., a hunting and horticultural economy, ceramic technology, new animalistic iconography) spread. In addition, this work will show how particular ritual practices were adopted across the region. By excavating multiple areas of eight earthen enclosures across Central Kentucky, Henry will see how the landscape was modified during each sites construction and determine if differences exist in traditions of ritual labor. He will examine the construction profiles of embankments and ditches with trenches and open large (ca. 4 x 4 meter) excavation blocks inside enclosures to explore the activities carried out within their boundaries. This robust dataset will be used to examine the organization and spread of social complexity in ancient Eastern North America. The historical component of this research will be relevant to the background of modern American Indians. This research will provide specialized archaeological training to students pursuing degrees in anthropology and archaeology.

爱德华·亨利（Edward Henry），圣路易斯华盛顿大学（Washington University）的博士候选人，将调查北美东部的古代几何陶器。这项研究将在仪式行动，社会融合中的作用以及意识形态参与的反映中探索集体劳动工作。尽管研究重点是过去，但它也有可能告知目前。仪式和以社区为重点的劳动是今天仍在建立和维持社会秩序的因素。学者们指出，参与仪式劳动活动的参与可以帮助建立和巩固社会纽带，繁殖意识形态，并加强社会政治和经济议程。利用考古学评估古代小型社会的仪式陶器古迹的建设，提供了一个背景，以探索社会复杂性，如何出现和组织的物质指标。对北美东部东部的Adena和Hopewell（公元前600年公元前500年）社会建造的技术和时间顺序的更好的技术和时间顺序了解。这些团体似乎是流动的，没有像州般的领导力等级制度。然而，这些人组织起来建立了几何复杂的围栏地点，大型的埋葬土墩，并在异国食品中维持大陆交换网络。研究这些仪式景观修改的实践如何在俄亥俄河谷中如何迅速，对新兴的社会复杂性有一种理解，在这种社会复杂性中，在以僵化的层次结构为基础的社会政治结构之外进行了巨大的劳动壮举。亨利（Henry）将研究如何在俄亥俄州中部肯塔基州中部蓝草地区建造沟渠几何围墙。该地区被认为是北美古代东部的阿德娜（Adena）和霍普韦尔社会（Hopewell Societies）的心脏地带。检查肯塔基州的这些仪式地点，在俄亥俄河以南提供了一览无余的景色，在那里，按时间顺序了解围栏建筑的需求需要改进。对围栏建设，使用和遗弃的更好的历史理解将有助于表明与Adena和Hopewell（例如狩猎和园艺经济，陶瓷技术，新动物象征学）传播相关的社会变化的速度。此外，这项工作将显示如何在整个地区采用特定的仪式实践。通过挖掘肯塔基州中部八个土围栏的多个区域，亨利将看到如何在每个地点建设中修改景观，并确定仪式劳动传统中是否存在差异。他将检查带有沟渠的路堤和沟渠的构造概况，并在外壳内部开放（约4 x 4米）的开挖块，以探索其边界内进行的活动。该强大的数据集将用于检查北美古代东部的社会复杂性的组织和传播。这项研究的历史组成部分将与现代美国印第安人的背景有关。这项研究将为攻读人类学和考古学学位的学生提供专门的考古培训。