NCS-FO: Collaborative Research: Sleep's role in determining the fate of individual memories

NCS-FO：合作研究：睡眠在决定个体记忆命运中的作用

• 批准号: 1533512
• 负责人: Ken Paller
• 金额: $ 39.81万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1533512&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NCS; FO; Collaborative; Research; Sleep

Identifying the cognitive, computational and neural mechanisms responsible for determining why some memories survive when others fade is one of the many grand challenges facing researchers of the human mind and brain. It is widely understood that sleep plays a critical role in long-term remembering, yet what exactly happens during sleep to affect the persistence of memories remains largely unknown. This project brings together a team of researchers who will integrate multiple independent lines of work in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and computer science in order to investigate the precise mechanisms undergone by recently-formed memory representations as a person sleeps and how these mechanisms determine which memories survive and which fade. The proposed integration of cutting-edge neural data analysis methods for EEG and neuroimaging data, basic human memory theory, and neural network modeling make possible the ability to non-invasively track individual memories in the human brain as they compete with each other and are modified during sleep. The potential advances from this work could impact education, training situations, and public health by facilitating the development of new strategies for ensuring that important memories survive after initial learning.Research suggests that memories compete for neural space such that reactivating one particular memory can exert "collateral damage" on other related memories. In other words, accessing one memory can come at the expense of later being able to access other nearby memories in the network space. The proposed studies test the hypothesis that importance shapes neural dynamics during sleep by selectively boosting memory reactivation; this boost ensures that important memories out-compete related memories during sleep, resulting in strengthening of important memories and weakening of less-important memories. To test this hypothesis, competition between memories will be elicited during sleep by playing sound cues, each of which was linked (during wake) to two different picture-location memories. Multiple interlocking approaches will track how memory competition during sleep shapes a memory's persistence versus fading. Neural network models will be used to generate predictions about how reward responses during encoding shape competitive dynamics during sleep, and how these competitive dynamics determine the eventual fates of competing memories. Predictions will be tested by using fMRI to measure neural activity associated with reward processing during encoding, EEG to measure brain activity during sleep, and pattern classifiers to decode memory activation from the sleep EEG data. Observations of competitive dynamics during sleep will then be related to later memory performance and to multivariate fMRI measures of memory change. The project has the potential to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive look "under the hood" at the life of a memory as it is acquired, processed during sleep, and eventually recalled. Pivotal knowledge will be gained about how variance in reward processing at encoding influences sleep replay dynamics, and about how sleep replay dynamics affect subsequent memory performance and the structure of neural representations.

人类思维和大脑研究人员面临的众多重大挑战之一是识别认知、计算和神经机制，这些机制决定了为什么某些记忆在另一些记忆消失时得以幸存。人们普遍认为，睡眠在长期记忆中起着至关重要的作用，但睡眠期间到底发生了什么影响记忆的持久性仍然很大程度上未知。该项目汇集了一组研究人员，他们将整合认知神经科学、认知心理学和计算机科学领域的多个独立工作领域，以研究人睡眠时最近形成的记忆表征所经历的精确机制，以及这些机制如何决定哪些记忆会存在，也会消失。所提出的将脑电图和神经影像数据的尖端神经数据分析方法、基本人类记忆理论和神经网络建模相结合，使得非侵入性地跟踪人脑中相互竞争和修改的个体记忆的能力成为可能睡眠期间。这项工作的潜在进展可能会通过促进新策略的制定来影响教育、培训情况和公共健康，以确保重要的记忆在初始学习后得以保存。研究表明，记忆会争夺神经空间，因此重新激活一个特定的记忆可以发挥“其他相关记忆的附带损害”。换句话说，访问一个内存可能会以稍后能够访问网络空间中其他附近的内存为代价。 拟议的研究测试了这样的假设：重要性通过选择性地促进记忆重新激活来塑造睡眠期间的神经动力学。这种增强确保重要记忆在睡眠期间胜过相关记忆，从而加强重要记忆并削弱不太重要的记忆。为了检验这一假设，在睡眠期间通过播放声音提示来引发记忆之间的竞争，每个声音提示（在醒来期间）都与两个不同的图片位置记忆相关联。多种连锁方法将追踪睡眠期间的记忆竞争如何影响记忆的持久性和衰退。神经网络模型将用于生成关于编码期间的奖励反应如何塑造睡眠期间的竞争动态的预测，以及这些竞争动态如何决定竞争记忆的最终命运。将使用功能磁共振成像来测量编码过程中与奖励处理相关的神经活动，使用脑电图测量睡眠期间的大脑活动，并使用模式分类器从睡眠脑电图数据中解码记忆激活来测试预测。睡眠期间对竞争动态的观察将与后来的记忆表现以及记忆变化的多变量功能磁共振成像测量相关。该项目有可能首次对记忆在睡眠期间获取、处理和最终回忆的过程进行“幕后”全面观察。将获得关于编码时奖励处理的差异如何影响睡眠重放动态，以及睡眠重放动态如何影响后续记忆表现和神经表征结构的关键知识。

项目成果

Targeted Memory Reactivation during Sleep Elicits Neural Signals Related to Learning Content

睡眠期间有针对性的记忆重新激活会引发与学习内容相关的神经信号

• DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2798-18.2019
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: The Journal of Neuroscience
• 作者: Wang, Boyu;Antony, James W.;Lurie, Sarah;Brooks, Paula P.;Paller, Ken A.;Norman, Kenneth A.
• 通讯作者: Norman, Kenneth A.

Grappling With Implicit Social Bias: A Perspective From Memory Research

应对隐性社会偏见：记忆研究的视角

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.037
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: Neuroscience
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Lucas, Heather D.;Creery, Jessica D.;Hu, Xiaoqing;Paller, Ken A.
• 通讯作者: Paller, Ken A.