Doctoral Dissertation Research: Religion and Empire, A Comparative Study of Inka and Spanish Imperialism in the Ayo Valley, Peru AD1000-1800

博士论文研究：宗教与帝国，秘鲁阿约河谷印加帝国主义和西班牙帝国主义的比较研究 AD1000-1800

• 批准号: 1540610
• 负责人: R Alan Covey
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1540610&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Religion; Empire

Alexander Menaker, of the University of Texas-Austin, along with colleagues in Peru will carry out research examining how religion and ideology promote and legitimize imperial growth as well as investigating the effects of imperial expansion and colonial programs on local landscapes and populations. Although imperial ideologies claim absolute and universal authority, recent scholarship has emphasized the varied processes and relations through which states and empires attempt to exert control over people and territories outside of their geographic boundaries. Attending to the material conditions of life, archaeological research has illuminated the limits and local manifestations of states and empires, bringing into question written sources and absolute claims made by states and empires. Archaeology is poised to reconstruct local engagements with states and empires over the long-term, tracing the complex interactions among local and non-local state actors and populations, thus also challenging reductive binaries, such as, domination/resistance, European/Indigenous, and prehistoric/historic categorizations. This research demonstrates how the archaeological record along with multiple lines of evidence not only yields insight into local realities but also foregrounds productive approaches for investigating the experiences and conditions of local, often marginalized and indigenous, populations entangled among broader regional and global processes. This project promotes collaboration among local community members along with forming partnerships with Peruvian archaeologists and academics, with this project contributing to discussions of cultural heritage and encouraging local community involvement in considering and protecting materials of significant community importance. The research is of direct relevance to understanding contemporary issues of state maintenance and boundaries.With this dissertation project, Mr. Menaker and his research team will conduct an archaeological and historical examination of Andagua and the Ayo Valley in the Southern Peruvian Andes, investigating the local cultural history and offering a comparative study of Inka and Spanish imperial strategies and effects in the region from AD1000-1800. Despite growing studies of the Inka there remain considerable gaps in research concerning Inka imperial expansion in the Southern Peruvian Andes, and while historical archaeology of Spanish colonialism in the Andes is currently a burgeoning field, few studies offer substantive comparative research of pre-Hispanic and Spanish imperial effects on a region. Historical accounts describe how the Inkas intensified local settlements and constructed new sites in the region, resettling populations to labor in administrative and ceremonial sites dedicated to sacred volcanoes and mountains. Constructed as a Spanish colonial reducción, with the forced resettlement of indigenous people, and surrounded by significant pre-Hispanic remains, the town of Andagua and the Ayo Valley present important natural and built features for investigating the extent of imperial statecraft in the area, yet the region has received no systematic archaeological attention and little academic research. This research offers a multi-scalar, long-term and comparative perspective of local occupations and cultural practices in the region during pre-Inka, Inka and Spanish rule, providing original data and research through using multiple archaeological field methods including, full coverage regional pedestrian and site-intensive surveys, systematic shovel test pits and 2x2m excavation units, and spatial mapping. Historical research will be conducted to provide insight into long-term regional processes that can be tested by archaeological evidence.

德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的亚历山大·梅纳克（Alexander Menaker）将与秘鲁的同事一起开展研究，探讨宗教和意识形态如何促进帝国的增长并使帝国的增长合法化，并调查帝国扩张和殖民计划对当地景观和人口的影响。意识形态主张绝对和普遍的权威，最近的学术研究强调了国家和帝国试图对地理边界之外的人民和领土施加控制的各种过程和关系，考古学研究已经阐明了其局限性和生活条件。局部表现考古学准备重建地方与国家和帝国的长期接触，追踪地方和非地方国家行为者和人口之间的复杂互动。 ，因此也挑战了还原性的二元分类，例如统治/抵抗、欧洲/土著和史前/历史分类。这项研究证明了考古记录和多方面的证据不仅可以洞察当地的现实，还可以洞察当地的现实。该项目突出了调查卷入更广泛的区域和全球进程的当地（往往是边缘化和土著）人口的经验和状况的有效方法，促进了当地社区成员之间的合作，并与秘鲁考古学家和学者建立了伙伴关系，该项目有助于讨论。文化遗产并鼓励当地社区参与考虑和保护具有重要社区重要性的材料。这项研究与理解当代国家维护和边界问题直接相关。通过这个论文项目，梅纳克先生和他的研究团队将进行考古学。安达瓜的历史考察以及秘鲁南部安第斯山脉的阿约山谷，调查了当地的文化历史，并对公元 1000 年至 1800 年期间印加帝国和西班牙帝国的战略和影响进行了比较研究，尽管对印加的研究不断增加，但有关印加的研究仍然存在很大差距。帝国在秘鲁南部安第斯山脉的扩张，虽然安第斯山脉西班牙殖民主义的历史考古学目前是一个新兴领域，但很少有研究提供前西班牙和西班牙帝国对秘鲁南部安第斯山脉影响的实质性比较研究。历史记载描述了印加人如何在该地区加强当地定居点并建造新的遗址，将人口重新安置在专门用于神圣火山和山脉的行政和仪式场所中，并强迫土著人民重新定居。安达瓜镇和阿约山谷周围环绕着重要的前西班牙遗迹，为调查该地区帝国治国之道提供了重要的自然和建筑特征，但该地区尚未受到系统的考古关注这项研究提供了印加前、印加和西班牙统治期间该地区当地职业和文化习俗的多尺度、长期和比较视角，通过使用多种考古现场方法提供原始数据和研究。 、全覆盖区域行人和场地密集调查、系统铲试验坑和 2x2m 挖掘单元以及空间测绘将进行历史研究，以深入了解可以通过考古证据进行测试的长期区域过程。