Doctoral Dissertation Research: Religion and Empire, A Comparative Study of Inka and Spanish Imperialism in the Ayo Valley, Peru AD1000-1800

博士论文研究：宗教与帝国，秘鲁阿约河谷印加帝国主义和西班牙帝国主义的比较研究 AD1000-1800

• 批准号: 1540610
• 负责人: R Alan Covey
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1540610&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Religion; Empire

Alexander Menaker, of the University of Texas-Austin, along with colleagues in Peru will carry out research examining how religion and ideology promote and legitimize imperial growth as well as investigating the effects of imperial expansion and colonial programs on local landscapes and populations. Although imperial ideologies claim absolute and universal authority, recent scholarship has emphasized the varied processes and relations through which states and empires attempt to exert control over people and territories outside of their geographic boundaries. Attending to the material conditions of life, archaeological research has illuminated the limits and local manifestations of states and empires, bringing into question written sources and absolute claims made by states and empires. Archaeology is poised to reconstruct local engagements with states and empires over the long-term, tracing the complex interactions among local and non-local state actors and populations, thus also challenging reductive binaries, such as, domination/resistance, European/Indigenous, and prehistoric/historic categorizations. This research demonstrates how the archaeological record along with multiple lines of evidence not only yields insight into local realities but also foregrounds productive approaches for investigating the experiences and conditions of local, often marginalized and indigenous, populations entangled among broader regional and global processes. This project promotes collaboration among local community members along with forming partnerships with Peruvian archaeologists and academics, with this project contributing to discussions of cultural heritage and encouraging local community involvement in considering and protecting materials of significant community importance. The research is of direct relevance to understanding contemporary issues of state maintenance and boundaries.With this dissertation project, Mr. Menaker and his research team will conduct an archaeological and historical examination of Andagua and the Ayo Valley in the Southern Peruvian Andes, investigating the local cultural history and offering a comparative study of Inka and Spanish imperial strategies and effects in the region from AD1000-1800. Despite growing studies of the Inka there remain considerable gaps in research concerning Inka imperial expansion in the Southern Peruvian Andes, and while historical archaeology of Spanish colonialism in the Andes is currently a burgeoning field, few studies offer substantive comparative research of pre-Hispanic and Spanish imperial effects on a region. Historical accounts describe how the Inkas intensified local settlements and constructed new sites in the region, resettling populations to labor in administrative and ceremonial sites dedicated to sacred volcanoes and mountains. Constructed as a Spanish colonial reducción, with the forced resettlement of indigenous people, and surrounded by significant pre-Hispanic remains, the town of Andagua and the Ayo Valley present important natural and built features for investigating the extent of imperial statecraft in the area, yet the region has received no systematic archaeological attention and little academic research. This research offers a multi-scalar, long-term and comparative perspective of local occupations and cultural practices in the region during pre-Inka, Inka and Spanish rule, providing original data and research through using multiple archaeological field methods including, full coverage regional pedestrian and site-intensive surveys, systematic shovel test pits and 2x2m excavation units, and spatial mapping. Historical research will be conducted to provide insight into long-term regional processes that can be tested by archaeological evidence.

德克萨斯大学奥斯汀大学的亚历山大·梅纳克（Alexander Menaker）以及秘鲁的同事将进行研究，研究宗教和意识形态如何促进和合法化帝国的成长，并研究帝国扩张和殖民计划对地方景观和人口的影响。尽管帝国意识形态声称绝对和普遍的权威，但最近的学者强调了各种过程和关系，通过这些过程和关系，各州和帝国试图在其地理边界以外的人和领土上施加控制。考古研究遵循生命的物质条件，阐明了国家和帝国的局限性和当地表现形式，对国家和帝国提出的书面资料和绝对主张提出了质疑。考古学是在长期与国家和帝国重建当地交往的中毒，从而追踪了地方和非本地国家参与者和人口之间的复杂相互作用，因此也挑战了减少二进制文件，例如统治/抵抗，欧洲/土著和史前/历史/历史/历史/历史/历史/历史类别。这项研究表明，存档的记录以及多种证据如何不仅可以洞悉当地现实，还可以预见产品方法，以调查当地，经常被边缘化和土著人口的经验和条件，陷入更广泛的区域和全球过程中。该项目促进了当地社区成员之间的合作，并与秘鲁档案和学者建立了伙伴关系，该项目为文化遗产的讨论做出了贡献，并鼓励当地社区参与考虑和保护具有重要社区重要性的材料。这项研究是直接了解国家维护和界限的当代问题的直接相关性。通过这项论文项目，Menaker先生和他的研究团队将对秘鲁南部安第斯山脉的Andagua和Ayo Valley进行考古和历史检查，调查当地的文化历史，并提供对AD1000-1800地区Inka和西班牙帝国战略以及该地区的西班牙帝国战略和影响的比较研究。尽管对Inka的研究越来越多，但在秘鲁南部安第斯山脉南部的Inka帝国扩张方面的研究中仍然存在很大的差距，而在安第斯山脉中西班牙殖民主义的历史考古学目前是一个新兴的领域，但很少有研究能够对西班牙裔和西班牙帝国对一个地区的帝国影响进行实质性比较研究。历史记载描述了INKAS如何启发当地定居点并在该地区建造新地点，将人口重新安置到专门用于神圣火山和山脉的行政和礼仪地点。作为西班牙殖民地还原器建造，强迫重新安置土著人民，周围是西班牙裔前遗体，安达瓜（Andagua）和阿约河谷（Ayo Valley）镇具有重要的自然和建筑特征，以研究该地区的帝国统计范围，但该地区没有获得系统的档案和很少的学术研究。这项研究提供了多量表，长期和比较的观点，探讨了该地区的本地职业和文化实践，在Inka，Inka和西班牙统治期间，通过使用多种归档的现场方法，包括全面覆盖区域行人行人和现场密集型调查，系统的铲子测试坑和2X2M Everavation Everavation和2X2M Everavation and Spatatial Mitappping。将进行历史研究，以洞悉可以通过存档证据来测试的长期区域过程。