Doctoral Dissertation Research: Levels and Social Determinants of Nutritional Outcomes

博士论文研究：营养结果的水平和社会决定因素

• 批准号: 1539804
• 负责人: Michael White
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1539804&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Levels; Social

SES-1539804Michael WhiteVaidya Yashas Brown UniversityShifts in diets, physical activity and nutritional outcomes are taking place across the world and are producing poor nutritional outcomes at different extremes. That is, malnutrition and obesity might co-exist within a particular society. This dissertation research will collect body measurements and biomarker data to investigate whether outcomes on the extremes of nutritional spectrum co-exist together and at what units of analysis. Specifically, the investigator will study nutritional and health outcomes and their causes at finer spatial scales and link these individual outcomes to household and background factors that contribute to health. The project takes advantage of existing longitudinal data from the mid-1990s, and ongoing fieldwork that tracks demographic and social changes. This project will also looks at early-life and other influences on health. Thus, prospective and retrospective data will be analyzed to determine early-life factors that might affect current nutritional outcomes. The literature on the nutrition transition has focused on trends at the country or region-level. The dual burden of undernutrition and over nutrition is one feature of this nutritional transition. Lower and Middle Income (LMICs) countries are now also experiencing spatial and urban transformations, changes in food production, globalization and increasing social inequalities that are pinpointed as factors responsible for shifts in nutritional outcomes and towards increased diet-related Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs). The social, and not necessarily economic, roots of this shift has allowed "epidemics" of over nutrition and related chronic NCDs to extend beyond high-income countries to those usually classified as developing countries. The public-health- interpretation often presents a linear theory of this societal transformation. This project takes a sociologically informed view, which recognizes that the social processes driving these shifts are unevenly distributed. It focuses more on the micro processes within the community and household that might result in heterogeneous consequences like extreme nutritional outcomes, now referred to as the dual burden. This dual burden phenomenon allows a possibility where undernutrition and over nutrition might represent different facets of deprivation. The high and continued prevalence of undernutrition at early ages does not negate the possibility of later-life problems of over nutrition. The related burden of NCDs for South Asia, the region being studied, has risen at a rate exceeding global rates. The dual nutritional status burden examined in this project has a potential impact on national healthcare policy, international aid objectives and more. Thus, the detection and determinants of such a dual burden is a concern for both individuals and communities. The study builds on collaboration with an existing research site in Nepal, the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS).

SES-1539804Michael Whitevaidya Yashas Brown University缩短饮食，体育锻炼和营养成果的缩影，正在世界各地进行，并且在不同极端的营养成果不佳。 也就是说，营养不良和肥胖可能在特定社会中共存。这项论文研究将收集人体测量和生物标志物数据，以研究营养谱系的极端结果是否共存并在分析单位共存。 具体而言，研究人员将研究营养和健康结果及其在更细的空间尺度上的原因，并将这些个人结果与有助于健康的家庭和背景因素联系起来。 该项目利用了1990年代中期的现有纵向数据，以及跟踪人口统计学和社会变化的持续现场工作。该项目还将着眼于早期生活和对健康的其他影响。因此，将分析前瞻性和回顾性数据，以确定可能影响当前营养结果的早期生活因素。关于营养过渡的文献集中在该国或地区级别的趋势上。营养和营养过度的双重负担是这种营养过渡的一个特征。现在，较低的收入（LMIC）国家也正在经历空间和城市转型，粮食生产的变化，全球化和增加的社会不平等现象，这些不平等现象被确定为负责营养成果转移以及促进与饮食相关的非通信疾病（NCDS）的因素。这种转变的社会根源（不一定是经济的根源）使过度营养和相关的慢性NCD的“流行病”可以超越高收入国家，向通常被归类为发展中国家的国家。公共卫生解释通常提出了这种社会转型的线性理论。该项目采用了社会学知情的观点，该观点认识到驱动这些转变的社会过程是不均匀的。它更多地关注社区和家庭内部的微观过程，这些过程可能会导致异质后果，例如极端营养结果，现在称为双重负担。这种双重负担现象可以使营养不良和营养过度可能代表不同方面的剥夺方面有可能。早期营养不良的高度流行率并没有否定过后期营养问题的可能性。正在研究的地区，南亚的NCD相关负担以超过全球利率的速度上升。该项目中检查的双重营养状况负担对国家医疗保健政策，国际援助目标等有潜在的影响。因此，这种双重负担的发现和决定因素是个人和社区的关注点。 这项研究与尼泊尔现有研究站点合作，尼泊尔，Chitwan Valley Family研究（CVFS）。