Collaborative Research: Navigating through space in turbulence tubes: Copepod responses to Burgers' vortex

合作研究：在湍流管中穿越空间：桡足类对伯格斯涡流的反应

• 批准号: 1537284
• 负责人: Donald Webster
• 金额: $ 34.84万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1537284&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Navigating; through; space

Copepods are ubiquitous animals in marine environments and play a critically-important function in the food web of the world's oceans. The ability of a copepod to sense fluid motion provides an advantage for critical survival tactics such as finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. This project will examine the capability of copepods to detect turbulent flow. A turbulent-like flow will be mimicked in a laboratory aquarium as a small vortex (i.e., swirling motion like a tornado), and copepod swimming behavior will be observed in and around the vortex. The goal is to understand the variations in the sensory ecology of three species of copepods with three representative sensor arrays to better explain their temporal and spatial distribution in the ocean in response to turbulence conditions. The project also has a strong education and outreach plan. It will provide interdisciplinary training for graduate and undergraduate students in fields such as engineering, biology, and computational sciences. Further, research results will provide context for planned outreach efforts to educate the general public at local high schools and aquariums.The project will deconstruct the turbulence-copepod interaction by performing detailed kinematics analysis of swimming in three species of copepods in and around a laboratory realization of a Burgers' vortex that mimics in situ turbulent vortices in the dissipation range of scales. The goal is to test the hypothesis that the copepods Acartia tonsa, Temora longicornis, and Calanus finmarchicus detect hydrodynamic cues related to vortices in turbulent flows and actively respond via changes in swimming kinematics. Using a custom designed and calibrated apparatus, a turbulent-like vortex will be created in the laboratory. By holding the turbulent vortex stable in space, cameras will be focused on a small region of the feature to record the animal behavior relative to well-quantified flow characteristics. The approach has the advantage of eliminating the time-varying and stochastic nature of turbulent flows that make such mechanistic understanding so challenging to achieve. Hypotheses will address questions about the influence of swimming style, setal array architecture, and the interaction of chemical and hydrodynamical cues on the turbulence-copepod interaction. Specifically, the investigators will examine how copepod species with different sensory structures and swimming orientation respond to a stable well-defined laboratory stimulus to determine how copepods exploit the shape and orientation of turbulent features. The species of copepods chosen for this work provide a range of sensory architectures, swimming orientations, sizes, and mate tracking abilities.

Copepods是海洋环境中无处不在的动物，在世界海洋的食物网中起着至关重要的功能。 CopePod感知流体运动的能力为关键生存策略（例如寻找食物，寻找伴侣和避免掠食者）提供了优势。该项目将检查CopePods检测湍流的能力。在实验室水族馆中，将模仿湍流的流动，作为小型涡流（即像龙卷风一样旋转运动），并且将在涡流中及其周围观察到Copepod游泳行为。目的是了解三种具有三个代表性传感器阵列的三种copepods的感觉生态学的变化，以更好地解释其在响应湍流条件下在海洋中的时间和空间分布。该项目还制定了强大的教育和外展计划。它将为工程，生物学和计算科学等领域的研究生和本科生提供跨学科培训。 此外，研究结果将为计划的外展工作提供背景，以教育当地高中和水族馆的普通公众。该项目将通过对实验室实现的三种copepods进行游泳的详细运动学分析来解构湍流 - pepod互动。汉堡的涡流，该涡流在尺度的耗散范围内模仿原位湍流涡流。目的是检验以下假设：Copepods acartia tonsa，Temora Longicornis和Calanus Finmarchicus检测与湍流中与涡流相关的水动力提示，并通过游泳运动学的变化而积极响应。使用定制设计和校准的设备，将在实验室中创建一个湍流的涡流。通过在空间中保持湍流涡流稳定，相机将集中在功能的一小部分区域上，以记录动物行为相对于经过良好的流动特性。该方法具有消除湍流的随时间变化和随机性质的优势，使这种机械理解变得如此挑战。假设将解决有关游泳风格，固定阵列结构的影响以及化学和流体动力线索在湍流 - pepod相互作用上的相互作用的问题。具体而言，研究人员将研究具有不同感觉结构和游泳取向的CopePod物种如何应对稳定的定义明确的实验室刺激，以确定copepods如何利用湍流特征的形状和方向。为这项工作选择的Copepods种类提供了一系列的感官体系结构，游泳取向，尺寸和伴侣跟踪能力。