PFI:BIC - A Cost-effective Accurate and Resilient Indoor Positioning System

PFI:BIC - 经济高效、精确且有弹性的室内定位系统

• 批准号: 1534114
• 负责人: Anthony Rowe
• 金额: $ 99.84万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1534114&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PFI; BIC; Cost; effective; Accurate

This Partnerships for Innovation: Building Innovation Capacity project aims at developing a cost effective, accurate, resilient and smart indoor localization service to be used in built environments. Positioning systems have revolutionized how we interact with the world around us. Outdoor mobile devices make use of technologies like Global Positioning System (GPS) to deliver a wide variety of location-based services. Similarly, indoor positioning systems will enable delivery of new services that provide tremendous social and commercial value to humans in residential and commercial built environments. Indoor location services can be used by enterprises to track and manage assets. Building management systems can use indoor location information to enable services for building managers and occupants and first responders, such as effective emergency response, indoor navigation, and perimeter protection. Furthermore, indoor location services will enable implementation of important services such as coordination of people in a disaster scenario (e.g., natural or man-made (public shootings) disasters and navigation services for the blind). Unfortunately, satellite-based approaches, such as GPS, do not work indoors due to weak satellite signals that do not penetrate through building facades. Unlike existing methods, the proposed smart service will achieve high accuracy and robustness with respect to disruptions, while maintaining low installation and maintenance costs. In addition, users will be able to use their mobile device(s), (e.g., smartphone, tablets, smart watches), without the need to carry/wear additional equipment. The project will develop and combine ultrasound, visible light and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)-based positioning techniques with Radio Frequency (RF)-based, magnetic signatures, human ambulation models and building information models (BIMs) for localization, tracking and visualization. The combined use of several independent positioning techniquse not only will dramatically increase the accuracy of positioning over any single technique, but it will add the necessary redundancy to withstand disruption of all but one positioning service, with provably bounded loss of performance. Even in the case of unavailability of all positioning techniques, ambulation models, together with BIM, will be able to provide indoor positioning at a coarser level of granularity. In turn, redundancy can be used to perform maintenance and periodic system calibration on any subsystem without service interruption. The impressive feature of the proposed methodology is that all these properties can be achieved at low installation and maintenance costs, as the system can piggyback on a building's existing audio, lighting, and RF communication capabilities. One unique property of the proposed positioning algorithm will be its modularity and extensibility. Information coming from different sensors will be incorporated seamlessly, allowing the algorithm to work under intermittent failure of one of its subcomponents. The inclusion of ambulation models, together with accelerometer, gyroscope and compass data available on the majority of today's smartphones, will allow the achievement of fine-grain tracking, which will provide smooth trajectories in place of sequence of locations. In the proposed scheme, Multi-sensor localization and BIM play a synergetic role. BIM will contribute to decreasing installation and maintenance costs, by providing precise positioning of the sources of ranging (e.g., light, ultrasound, Wi-Fi antennas) and accurate topological information to develop high fidelity ranging models. Additionally, the semantic information provided by BIM will help with detecting infeasible trajectories. On the other hand, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)-based techniques can help refine BIMs and keep them updated. Dynamic information can enhance BIMs by providing useful information to building managers about traffic patterns and occupancy. Importantly, the design of the smart service needs to be human-centered and to take into account each of the stakeholders, i.e., owner and facilities management team, the service developers, the users of the smart service application program interface (API), who will develop value-added services customized for a particular facility or more generally for many facilities, and, of course, the end-users, the occupants and visitors of the facility, who will use the smart services themselves. To understand the needs and wants of such distinct groups of stakeholders, the project will directly involve them by conducting a series of focus groups. Participatory design is an established technique where a design team works directly with stakeholders to design an artifact or service. Stakeholders will also be engaged in the formal testing of the software service, from installation to maintenance, to application design and to application usage. At the inception of the project, partners include the lead institution: Carnegie Mellon University, (Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and the Human-Computer Interaction Institute) Pittsburgh, PA, with primary partners: Bosch RTC Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA, large business) and Sports and Exhibition Authority (Pittsburgh, PA, large business).

这种创新的合作伙伴关系：建立创新能力项目旨在开发一种成本效益，准确，弹性和智能的室内本地化服务，以在建筑环境中使用。定位系统彻底改变了我们与周围世界的互动方式。 户外移动设备利用全球定位系统（GPS）等技术来提供各种基于位置的服务。同样，室内定位系统将实现新服务的提供，这些服务在住宅和商业建筑环境中为人类提供巨大的社会和商业价值。企业可以使用室内位置服务来跟踪和管理资产。建筑管理系统可以使用室内位置信息来为建筑经理和乘员以及急救人员提供服务，例如有效的紧急响应，室内导航和周边保护。此外，室内位置服务将能够实施重要服务，例如在灾难场景（例如，自然或人为枪击事件）和盲人的导航服务中协调人。不幸的是，由于卫星的信号较弱，无法通过建筑物外墙穿透的卫星信号，因此基于卫星的方法（例如GP）无法在室内工作。与现有方法不同，拟议的智能服务将在中断方面实现高准确性和鲁棒性，同时保持较低的安装和维护成本。此外，用户将能够使用其移动设备（例如智能手机，平板电脑，智能手表），而无需携带/佩戴其他设备。该项目将开发并结合使用射频（RF）基于射频（RF）的基于磁性签名，人类的移动模型和建筑信息模型（BIMS）的超声，可见光和无线局域网（WLAN）的定位技术（用于本地化，跟踪和可视化）。几种独立定位技术的综合使用不仅会显着提高任何单个技术的定位准确性，而且还将增加必要的冗余，以承受除一种定位服务外的所有损害，并且可证明其性能损失。即使在所有定位技术都无法获得的情况下，行动模型和BIM也能够以更粗的粒度提供室内定位。反过来，冗余可用于在没有服务中断的情况下对任何子系统进行维护和周期系统校准。拟议方法论的令人印象深刻的特征是，所有这些属性都可以在低安装和维护成本下实现，因为该系统可以在建筑物现有的音频，照明和RF通信功能上背负。所提出的定位算法的一个独特属性将是其模块化和可扩展性。来自不同传感器的信息将被无缝合并，从而使算法可以在其一个子组件之一间歇性故障下工作。包括当今大多数智能手机的加速度计，陀螺仪和指南针数据的加速度计，陀螺仪和指南针数据的包含将允许实现细颗粒跟踪，这将提供平滑的轨迹，以代替一系列位置。在拟议的方案中，多传感器定位和BIM起着协同作用。 BIM将通过提供范围来源（例如Light，Ultrasound，Wi-Fi天线）的精确定位和准确的拓扑信息，从而有助于降低安装和维护成本。此外，BIM提供的语义信息将有助于检测不可行的轨迹。另一方面，同时本地化和映射（基于SLAM）的技术可以帮助完善BIM并保持更新。动态信息可以通过向建筑经理提供有关交通模式和占用的有用信息来增强BIM。重要的是，智能服务的设计需要以人为本，并考虑到每个利益相关者，即所有者和设施管理团队，服务开发人员，智能服务应用程序界面（API）的用户（API）的用户，他们将开发为许多设施，以及智能者的服务人员，供您的服务者，占领者，供您的访问者，为特定设施或更多的设施定制的增值服务。为了了解这种不同的利益相关者群体的需求和需求，该项目将通过进行一系列焦点小组直接涉及他们。参与性设计是一种既定的技术，设计团队直接与利益相关者直接合作设计工件或服务。利益相关者还将参与对软件服务的正式测试，从安装到维护，再到应用程序设计和应用程序使用情况。该项目成立后，合作伙伴包括主要机构：卡内基·梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）（电气和计算机工程部门，民用和环境工程部门，民用和环境工程，以及宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的人机交互研究所）与主要合作伙伴：Bosch RTC Pittsburgh（PATSBURGH，PATSBURGH，PAITSBURGH，PA，PA，大型企业和展览会）（PA，大型企业和展览会）（PATS）和展览会（PITS）（PITS），PITTENGH，PITTENGH，PITTENGH，PITTENGH，PITTENGH，PITTENGH，PITTENGH，PITTENGH。