High Capacity Mg Batteries Based on Inert and Non-Nucleophilic Carborane Electrolytes

基于惰性非亲核碳硼烷电解质的高容量镁电池

• 批准号: 1508537
• 负责人: Vincent Lavallo
• 金额: $ 44.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1508537&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Capacity; Mg; Batteries; Based; Inert

Non-Technical AbstractOver the last decade there has been an explosion of technological advances in rechargeable portable devices and electric vehicles. However, innovations that reduce the cost, improve the sustainability, and increase the storage capacity offered by state-of-the-art Li-ion technology have not kept pace with this revolution. In addition, Li-ion batteries can undergo catastrophic failure, which results in unpredictable fires. Mg-based batteries are an attractive alternative to Li-ion systems because Mg is less expensive, much more abundant, inherently safer, and can store twice the amount of charge. With the support from the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in the Division of Materials Research, this project will develop Mg-batteries that are more powerful and cost effective than traditional Li-ion systems. A key enabling factor of this project is the implementation of special electrolytes composed of collections of carbon and boron atoms called carboranes. Undergraduate and graduate students in the Chemistry Department at the University of California Riverside (UCR) are mentored in this program and participate in research. Additionally, the Principal Investigator (PI) and Co-PI have integrated a mentorship program into the project for disadvantaged high school students. In the summer months, these high school students participate in the proposed research at UCR. The anticipated outcome of these activities is the increased recruitment and retention of students from underrepresented groups in STEM fields.Technical AbstractMg-based batteries are an attractive alternative to Li-ion systems, but suitable electrolytes are lacking. Electrolytes for Mg batteries must be completely resistant to decomposition and ideally non-nucleophilic. The goal of this project is to produce Mg-based batteries that are less expensive, inherently safer, more sustainable and powerful than state-of-the-art-Li-ion technology. A key feature of this work is implementing inert and non-nucleophilic carborane based electrolytes, which will enable the realization of high capacity Mg-batteries. This project will be accomplished via three specific aims. Aim 1 utilizes novel chemical reduction methodology to prepare halide free electrolytes of simple dicationic Mg carborane salts. Because the carborane anions are both highly oxidatively stable and non-nucleophilic, they are suitable for applications as Mg battery electrolytes for systems that utilize either high voltage intercalation or S cathodes. Aim 2 encompasses the design of monocationic carborane electrolytes featuring supporting ligands. Implementation of novel transmetalation methodology allows access to monocationic Mg complexes that contain carborane counter anions, which are suitable electrolytes for high voltage intercalation cathodes. In addition, the preparation of sulfur compatible "passivated" electrolytes derived from the reaction of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) with S8 is under investigation. In Aim 3, the electrolytes prepared in Aims 1 and 2 are coupled with suitable cathode materials to produce prototype rechargeable Mg-batteries. Both layered molybdenum and vanadium sulfides as well as thiospinel vanadium and chromium sulfides are utilized as intercalation type cathodes. In addition, sulfur cathodes based on sulfur-carbon composites with two types of carbon hosts having distinctly different pore sizes are under investigation.

非技术摘要，最后十年中，可充电便携式设备和电动汽车的技术进步爆炸了。但是，降低成本，提高可持续性并提高最先进的锂离子技术提供的存储能力的创新并没有跟上这场革命的步伐。此外，锂离子电池可能会发生灾难性故障，从而导致不可预测的火灾。基于MG的电池是Li-ion系统的有吸引力的替代品，因为MG便宜，更丰富，固有的更安全，并且可以存储两倍的充电量。 在固态和材料化学计划的材料研究部的支持下，该项目将开发出比传统锂离子系统更强大和具有成本效益的MG爆炸。 该项目的关键因素是实施特殊电解质，该特殊电解质由碳和硼原子的集合组成，称为Carboranes。加利福尼亚大学河滨大学（UCR）化学系的本科生和研究生受到了该计划的指导，并参与了研究。此外，首席调查员（PI）和Co-Pi已将指导计划纳入了该项目，以供弱势的高中生。在夏季，这些高中生参加了UCR拟议的研究。 这些活动的预期结果是，从STEM领域中代表性不足的群体中的学生招募和保留的招聘和保留。基于技术抽象的电池是锂离子系统的有吸引力的替代品，但缺乏合适的电解质。 MG电池的电解质必须完全抵抗分解和理想情况下的非核细胞。该项目的目的是生产基于MG的电池，这些电池比最先进的-Li-Out技术更便宜，固有的，更可持续和强大。这项工作的一个关键特征是实施惰性和非核核心基于Carborane的电解质，这将实现高容量MG-Batteries。该项目将通过三个特定目标完成。 AIM 1利用新型的化学还原方法来制备简单含量Carborane盐的卤化物无卤化物。由于Carborane阴离子既高氧化稳定又非核粉，因此它们适合用作使用高压插入或S阴极的系统的MG电池电解质。 AIM 2涵盖了具有支撑配体的Monocationic Carborane电解质的设计。新型跨金属方法的实施允许访问包含Carborane反阴离子的单声含量MG复合物，该复合物是用于高压互嵌型阴极的合适电解质。此外，正在研究源自N-杂环碳烯（NHC）与S8的反应的硫兼容“钝化”电解质的制备。在AIM 3中，在AIMS 1和2中制备的电解质与合适的阴极材料结合起来，以产生可充电的原型MG-Batteries。 分层的钼和硫化钒以及硫醇钒和硫化硫化物均被用作互化类型的阴极。此外，正在研究基于硫碳复合材料的硫阴道，其中有两种具有明显不同孔径的碳宿主。