CSR: Medium: Collaborative Research: Guardian Angel---Enabling Mobile Safety Systems

CSR：媒介：协作研究：守护天使——赋能移动安全系统

• 批准号: 1505175
• 负责人: Jie Yang
• 金额: $ 12.09万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-10-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1505175&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSR; Medium; Collaborative; Research; Guardian

To date, safety services are typically constructed as dedicated stovepipe systems focusing on high reliability and a specific area of risk (e.g., automotive safety systems). Usage of
 such services remains limited since they require a dedicated investment for each system. This project trades off the ultra-high reliability of dedicated systems for the much more 
rapid adoption of safety services that comes with integrating them directly into mobiles and wearables. By demonstrating the feasibility of this approach, this project can contribute to saving lives, such as some of the more than 30,000 traffic fatalities in the United States each year. It can also inform regulatory policy for safety services 
at the CPSC, NHTSA, or FCC. Moreover, the PIs will not only train graduate students to conduct the research but also actively include undergraduates and high school students through research internship programs. Results will be disseminated through scholarly publications, active outreach to the wireless and mobile industry through WINLAB's industry events and connections.This project seeks to demonstrate that the mobile devices we carry and wear can provide effective safety services. This is particularly relevant where our devices contribute to dangers by causing distractions for drivers and pedestrians. This project therefore pursues the vision of a system that offsets such unsafe use by continually sensing our activities and surroundings, identifying potentially dangerous situations, and mitigating them through appropriate interventions. At a technical level, the primary challenge lies not only in designing precise sensing techniques but in understanding and managing the level of confidence provided by these techniques. A key observation is that there are usually multiple possible interventions of varying levels of intrusiveness and tolerance to false positives. It is therefore important to match interventions to the confidence level provided by the sensors. To address this challenge, the project develops system support and a toolkit to help developers track and manage mobile
 sensing uncertainty. It explores crowdsourcing failure and relevance data
 from a large user population and automatically estimating the confidence provided
 by internal sensing and activity recognition components. The toolkit can further use the obtained metrics to help adapt sensing or application behavior. The system might conserve energy by switching one context sensor to a fallback mode from a diversity mode; or, the system could
 switch to a different intervention if the level of confidence has changed. System validation includes prototyping two application use cases, which sense and mitigate mobile device distractions for drivers and pedestrians. Together, these techniques form the system, which supports development of many other effective safety services on mobile devices.

迄今为止，安全服务通常被构建为专注于高可靠性和特定风险领域（例如汽车安全系统）的专用烟囱系统。使用
此类服务仍然有限，因为它们需要对每个系统进行专门投资。该项目牺牲了专用系统的超高可靠性，以更快速地采用安全服务，并将其直接集成到手机和可穿戴设备中。通过证明这种方法的可行性，该项目可以为挽救生命做出贡献，例如美国每年有超过 30,000 人因交通事故死亡。它还可以为 CPSC、NHTSA 或 FCC 的安全服务监管政策提供信息。此外，PI不仅会培训研究生进行研究，还会通过研究实习计划积极吸纳本科生和高中生。结果将通过学术出版物、通过 WINLAB 的行业活动和联系积极接触无线和移动行业来传播。该项目旨在证明我们携带和佩戴的移动设备可以提供有效的安全服务。当我们的设备因分散驾驶员和行人的注意力而造成危险时，这一点尤其重要。因此，该项目的愿景是建立一个系统，通过不断感知我们的活动和周围环境，识别潜在的危险情况，并通过适当的干预措施减轻这些危险，从而抵消这种不安全的使用。在技​​术层面，主要挑战不仅在于设计精确的传感技术，还在于理解和管理这些技术提供的置信水平。一个关键的观察结果是，通常存在多种可能的干预措施，其侵入性和对误报的容忍程度不同。因此，将干预措施与传感器提供的置信水平相匹配非常重要。为了应对这一挑战，该项目开发了系统支持和工具包来帮助开发人员跟踪和管理移动设备。感知不确定性。它探讨了众包失败和相关数据——从大量用户群体中自动估计所提供的置信度——通过内部传感和活动识别组件。该工具包可以进一步使用获得的指标来帮助调整传感或应用程序行为。系统可以通过将一个上下文传感器从分集模式切换到回退模式来节省能源；或者，系统可以……如果置信水平发生变化，请切换到不同的干预措施。系统验证包括对两个应用程序用例进行原型设计，这两个应用程序用例可以感知并减轻移动设备对驾驶员和行人的干扰。这些技术共同构成了一个系统，支持在移动设备上开发许多其他有效的安全服务。