Dissertation Research: The effect of cognitive disturbance on functionally-relevant plastic behavioral responses

论文研究：认知障碍对功能相关可塑性行为反应的影响

• 批准号: 1501928
• 负责人: Berry Brosi
• 金额: $ 2.03万
• 依托单位: Emory University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-15 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1501928&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; effect; cognitive; disturbance

Ecosystems provide an invaluable suite of services to people, including cleaning air and water, cycling nutrients, preventing floods, and pollinating crops. A recent finding from the science of ecology is that more of these "ecosystem services" are provided in areas that contain many species of plants and animals than in areas that contain fewer; biodiversity has practical benefits. Studies of this relationship between species diversity and ecosystem services have focused on how physical differences between species are important in determining the services provided by a community (a group of species living in the same area). Recent studies, however, suggest that changes in animal behavior can also promote ecosystem services. Thus, it is important to understand how behaviors will be affected by environmental change, including chemical pollutants. This study will examine how pesticides affect bee behaviors important for plant pollination, including behaviors that depend on the number of species in a community. If pesticides disrupt the relationship between biodiversity and pollination services, they could have negative consequences for both native plant reproduction and the productivity of agricultural systems. This study will examine the effect of sub-lethal neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on pollination-relevant bee foraging behaviors in both single and multiple species contexts. The behavior of pesticide-treated and control bees will be compared in laboratory experiments that use artificial flowers with computer-controlled nectar replenishment. Bee foraging behavior will be measured using RFID technology, which allows for exact tracking of bee movements. The researchers will measure pollination-relevant behaviors, including visitation rates, floral fidelity (temporary specialization on a particular flower type), and flower visitation evenness (the degree to which all flower species receive pollination services). It is hypothesized that pesticide exposure will affect bee species differently, altering competitive outcomes and modulating behaviorally-mediated biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships.

生态系统为包括清洁空气和水，循环营养素，防止洪水和授粉作物的人们提供一套宝贵的服务。来自生态科学科学的最新发现是，在包含许多植物和动物的领域，与包含更少的地区相比，更多的“生态系统服务”提供了更多的“生态系统服务”。生物多样性具有实际好处。对物种多样性与生态系统服务之间这种关系的研究集中在物种之间的物理差异在确定社区提供的服务（生活在同一地区的一组物种）中如何重要。然而，最近的研究表明，动物行为的变化也可以促进生态系统服务。因此，重要的是要了解行为将如何受到环境变化的影响，包括化学污染物。这项研究将研究农药如何影响对植物授粉重要的蜜蜂行为，包括取决于社区中物种数量的行为。如果农药破坏了生物多样性和授粉服务之间的关系，它们可能会对本地植物繁殖和农业系统的生产力产生负面影响。这项研究将检查亚特拉尔新烟碱农药暴露于单个物种和多种物种环境中授粉与授粉相关的觅食行为的影响。将在使用人造花和计算机控制的花蜜补充的实验室实验中比较农药处理和对照蜜蜂的行为。蜜蜂觅食行为将使用RFID技术测量，该技术允许精确跟踪蜜蜂运动。研究人员将衡量与授粉相关的行为，包括探访率，花卉保真度（特定花朵类型的临时专业化）和花探访均匀度（所有花种类都接受授粉服务的程度）。假设农药的暴露会以不同的方式影响蜜蜂物种，改变竞争结果并调节行为介导的生物多样性生物生物生物系统功能关系。