Predation, Competition, and Establishment Dynamics within an Insular Adaptive Radiation

岛屿自适应辐射内的捕食、竞争和建立动态

• 批准号: 1457697
• 负责人: Robert Pringle
• 金额: $ 88.29万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457697&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Predation; Competition; Establishment; Dynamics; within

Adaptive radiation occurs when a single species invades a new environment (for example, an island) and subsequently diversifies into many species, each specialized to thrive in a particular segment of that new environment. Current understanding of adaptive radiation emphasizes the importance of resource scarcity and competition as the engine of diversification; in contrast, the role of predators in promoting or inhibiting such rapid bursts of evolution is largely unknown. This research will lead to better understanding of how competition and predation interact to (a) determine whether closely related species can coexist (a prerequisite for adaptive radiation), and (b) shape the subsequent evolutionary trajectories of those species. This experiment will improve science relevant to invasive-species management, which in in the national interest. This project also involves innovations in STEM education that will strengthen the scientific workforce. Competition for limiting resources has long been thought to be the primary driver of adaptive radiation, and is the foundation for existing theory, but predation may play an equally important role in mediating species coexistence and diversification within adaptive radiations. This project focuses on the classic Anolis lizard adaptive radiation, using whole-ecosystem manipulations on 16 small Caribbean islands to assess how predation by curly-tailed lizards (Leiocephalus carinatus) affects competitive interactions between an established resident lizard species (Anolis sagrei) and experimentally introduced populations of a more arboreal lizard species (Anolis smaragdinus). Population trends, behavioral responses, diet composition, and genetic and morphological changes of all three lizard populations will be monitored. Molecular diet analysis (including isotopic analyses), radio-telemetry, and genomics (RAD-tag and RADseq sequencing) will be used to quantify variables, which will be tested for interaction and differences using standard and Bayesian statistical methods. Broader impacts include illumination of mechanisms underlying the success or failure of invading populations on islands, and the development of an undergraduate course combining interdisciplinary (including humanities) and field-based approaches.

当单个物种入侵新环境（例如岛屿）并随后多样化为许多物种时，就会发生适应性辐射，每个物种都专门在该新环境的特定部分中繁衍生息。目前对适应性辐射的理解强调了资源稀缺性和竞争作为多样化引擎的重要性；相比之下，捕食者在促进或抑制这种快速进化爆发方面的作用在很大程度上是未知的。这项研究将有助于更好地理解竞争和捕食如何相互作用，以（a）确定密切相关的物种是否可以共存（适应性辐射的先决条件），以及（b）塑造这些物种随后的进化轨迹。该实验将改善与入侵物种管理相关的科学，这符合国家利益。该项目还涉及 STEM 教育创新，以加强科学劳动力。长期以来，对有限资源的竞争一直被认为是适应性辐射的主要驱动因素，也是现有理论的基础，但捕食可能在调节适应性辐射内的物种共存和多样化方面发挥着同样重要的作用。该项目重点关注经典的安乐蜥蜴适应性辐射，利用对 16 个加勒比小岛屿的整个生态系统操作来评估卷尾蜥蜴 (Leiocephalus carinatus) 的捕食如何影响已建立的居民蜥蜴物种 (Anolis sagrei) 之间的竞争性相互作用，并通过实验引入一种更树栖的蜥蜴物种（Anolis smaragdinus）。所有三个蜥蜴种群的种群趋势、行为反应、饮食结构以及遗传和形态变化都将受到监测。分子饮食分析（包括同位素分析）、无线电遥测和基因组学（RAD-tag 和 RADseq 测序）将用于量化变量，并使用标准和贝叶斯统计方法测试相互作用和差异。 更广泛的影响包括阐明岛屿上入侵人口成功或失败的机制，以及开发结合跨学科（包括人文学科）和实地方法的本科课程。

项目成果

The Difficulty of Predicting Evolutionary Change in Response to Novel Ecological Interactions: A Field Experiment with Anolis Lizards

预测响应新生态相互作用的进化变化的困难：安乐蜥蜴的现场实验

• DOI: 10.1086/723209
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Thurman, Timothy J.;Palmer, Todd M.;Kolbe, Jason J.;Askary, Arash M.;Gotanda, Kiyoko M.;Lapiedra, Oriol;Kartzinel, Tyler R.;Man in’t Veld, Naomi;Revell, Liam J.;Wegener, Johanna E.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al