HCC: Large: Collaborative Research: Beyond Flat Images: Acquiring, Processing, and Fabricating Visually Rich Material Appearance

HCC：大型：协作研究：超越平面图像：获取、处理和制造视觉丰富的材料外观

• 批准号: 1451828
• 负责人: Ravi Ramamoorthi
• 金额: $ 24.31万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1451828&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Large; Collaborative; Research; Beyond

Despite revolutionary advances in how images are recorded, manipulated, and reproduced, our ability to re-create the visual experience remains remarkably limited. Few realistic computer models exist for the characteristic appearance of natural materials such as marble, wood, coral, or skin, or man-made ones such as color-shifting automotive paints. Digitizing and creating realistic images of these substances involves reproducing their interaction with light: the way light is reflected from surfaces, or scattered and absorbed within the materials. Full reproducibility also involves "printing" a material as a real, physical object that modulates the light around us. However, it is currently impossible to output complex appearance the way we print color on a paper with fixed gloss, or create shapes using a 3D printer. This project encompasses a comprehensive, collaborative research agenda in computer graphics and related areas, to develop an end-to-end framework for acquiring, representing, and fabricating complex appearance, as well as to understand how it is perceived by the human visual system.The enabling technical idea of the project is to treat materials as thin three-dimensional volumes populated with general scattering sites. This is a radical departure from the hitherto standard approach in computer graphics, which has studied materials purely as surfaces. The volumetric representation subsumes and generalizes the diverse set of conventional representations that currently exist in graphics, including surface-based notions such as bidirectional reflectance (BRDF), spatially varying BRDF, and subsurface scattering distributions (BSSRDF). Moreover, it enables fundamentally improved approaches to efficient yet general acquisition, fast and realistic rendering, and fabrication of objects exhibiting phenomena beyond simple surface reflectance and spatially homogeneous subsurface scattering.

尽管图像的记录、操作和复制方式取得了革命性的进步，但我们重建视觉体验的能力仍然非常有限。 对于大理石、木材、珊瑚或皮肤等天然材料或变色汽车油漆等人造材料的特征外观，几乎没有现实的计算机模型。 数字化和创建这些物质的真实图像涉及再现它们与光的相互作用：光从表面反射或在材料内散射和吸收的方式。 完全的可重复性还涉及将材料“打印”为真实的物理对象，以调节我们周围的光线。然而，目前还无法像我们在具有固定光泽度的纸张上打印颜色或使用 3D 打印机创建形状那样输出复杂的外观。该项目涵盖计算机图形学和相关领域的全面协作研究议程，以开发用于获取、表示和制造复杂外观的端到端框架，并了解人类视觉系统如何感知它。该项目的技术理念是将材料视为填充有一般散射位点的薄三维体积。这与迄今为止的计算机图形学标准方法截然不同，计算机图形学仅将材料研究为表面。 体积表示包含并概括了图形中当前存在的各种常规表示，包括基于表面的概念，例如双向反射率 (BRDF)、空间变化 BRDF 和次表面散射分布 (BSSRDF)。 此外，它还能够从根本上改进方法，实现高效而通用的采集、快速而真实的渲染以及呈现超越简单表面反射和空间均匀次表面散射现象的物体的制造。